Volume 5, Issue 4 (2025) – 25 articles
Cover Picture: Catalytic difunctionalizations of alkenes represent one of the most straightforward and efficient ways to build molecular complexity due to the simultaneous installation of two vicinal chemical bonds onto alkenes, providing profound chemical space for selective transformations in organic synthesis. Over the past decade, the merge of visible-light catalysis and earth-abundant-metal catalysis has taken advantage of green catalysis, thus evolving into an enabling platform for difunctionalization of alkenes. This dual catalytic mode facilitates the construction of multiple chemical bonds over the π-bond of alkenes in one step, providing a mild and straightforward method for the rapid construction of sp3-rich structures in a selective manner. In this review, we systematically summarized the progress of three-component cross-coupling reaction of olefins catalyzed by visible-light and first-row transition metal over the past decade. The combination of visible-light with different first-row transition metals, such as copper, nickel, chromium, titanium, manganese and iron, is discussed, along with the detailed reaction mechanisms. The scope of alkenes in this review includes alkenes, 1,3-dienes and 1,3-enynes. Moreover, the future directions and efforts in visible-light and earth-abundant-metal-catalyzed three-component reactions of alkenes are also discussed.
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Back Cover Picture: Amongst the most hazardous organic micropollutants (OMPs), β-naphthol, para-chloro-meta-xylenol, and bisphenol-A are highlighted due to their toxicity and persistent nature in aquatic environments. This work presents a series of cost-effective novel amine-functionalized porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) for the adsorption of OMPs: PAF-82-NH2, PAF-81-NH2, and PAF-80-NH2. PAF-82-NH2 shows outstanding adsorption performance by exhibiting the highest Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, polarity match with pollutants, and structural conjugation, with no loss in removal efficiency after five cycles of regeneration. The Langmuir adsorption capacity of PAF-82-NH2 for three OMPs outstrips the most previously reported adsorbents: 461 mg·g-1 for β-naphthol,497 mg·g-1 for para-chloro-meta-xylenol, and 763 mg·g-1 for bisphenol-A. Despite having lower surface areas, amine-functionalized PAFs exhibit higher adsorption capacities than hydroxyl-functionalized PAFs (PAF-82,81,80). In comparison, PAF-1 (5,600 m2·g-1) cannot even beat the adsorption capacity of PAF-81-NH2, carrying the lowest surface area (564 m2·g-1) among three amine-functionalized PAFs. This study reveals that the (-NH2) group has a higher potential to enhance the adsorption capacity of OMPs than the (-OH) group. The specific surface area is not enough as a single factor preliminary without pore polarity. However, once polarity is established at pore channels, specific surface area, degree of conjugation, polarity, and size of pore channels work in a team fashion for efficient adsorption.
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