Topic: The Clinical Complexities and Ingenious Solutions within Gender-Affirming Surgery

Gender-affirming surgery (GAS) has emerged as one of the most prevalent surgical disciplines in recent decades. An increasing number of transgender surgeons have reported their personal findings in scientific journals. Despite the fact that psychosexual and psychosocial evaluations, as well as hormonal replacement, constitute the first in gender transitioning, surgery remains the key step, aiming to alleviate gender dysphoria related to phenotypical gender incongruence. Recently, gender-affirming surgery encompasses not only genital reconstruction. A wide range of procedures is divided into three groups: genital surgery, top surgery and various facial procedures. The new Standards of Care presented under the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) advocate new recommendations for supporting candidates with gender dysphoria. The latest data confirmed a higher incidence of gender dysphoria, ranging from 0.08 to 0.41% depending on the region of the World. This is the main reason for more frequent discussions and the development of new and modified surgical techniques to minimize complications after gender-affirming surgery. 

Our Special Issue is designed to collect recent data from leading centers worldwide, with the main objective of enhancing our knowledge and providing better solutions for our candidates. We believe that our contributors will present the latest research either in operative techniques or possible complications and treatment modalities.