REFERENCES
1. Evich MG, Davis MJB, McCord JP, et al. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment. Science 2022;375:eabg9065.
2. Khan B, Burgess RM, Cantwell MG. Occurrence and bioaccumulation patterns of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the marine environment. ACS ES T Water 2023;3:1243-59.
3. Boisvert G, Sonne C, Rigét FF, Dietz R, Letcher RJ. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of perfluoroalkyl acids and precursors in East Greenland polar bears and their ringed seal prey. Environ Pollut 2019;252:1335-43.
4. Dickman RA, Aga DS. A review of recent studies on toxicity, sequestration, and degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). J Hazard Mater 2022;436:129120.
5. Buck RC, Franklin J, Berger U, et al. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: terminology, classification, and origins. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:513-41.
6. Kwiatkowski CF, Andrews DQ, Birnbaum LS, et al. Scientific basis for managing PFAS as a chemical class. Environ Sci Technol Lett 2020;7:532-43.
7. Wang Z, Boucher JM, Scheringer M, Cousins IT, Hungerbühler K. Toward a comprehensive global emission inventory of C4-C10 perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids (PFSAs) and related precursors: focus on the life cycle of C8-based products and ongoing industrial transition. Environ Sci Technol 2017;51:4482-93.
8. Gao K, Chen Y, Xue Q, et al. Trends and perspectives in per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) determination: faster and broader. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 2020;133:116114.
9. Lee JW, Choi K, Park K, Seong C, Yu SD, Kim P. Adverse effects of perfluoroalkyl acids on fish and other aquatic organisms: a review. Sci Total Environ 2020;707:135334.
10. Kang P, Zhao Y, Zuo C, et al. The unheeded inherent connections and overlap between microplastics and poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances: a comprehensive review. Sci Total Environ 2023;878:163028.
11. Ssebugere P, Sillanpää M, Matovu H, et al. Environmental levels and human body burdens of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in Africa: a critical review. Sci Total Environ 2020;739:139913.
12. Du D, Lu Y, Zhou Y, et al. Bioaccumulation, trophic transfer and biomagnification of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the marine food web of the South China Sea. J Hazard Mater 2021;405:124681.
13. Mullin L, Katz D, Riddell N, et al. Analysis of hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS): review of current approaches and environmental levels. Trends Analyt Chem 2019;118:828-39.
14. Griffin EK, Hall LM, Brown MA, et al. PFAS surveillance in abiotic matrices within vital aquatic habitats throughout Florida. Mar Pollut Bull 2023;192:115011.
15. Martinez B, Da Silva BF, Aristizabal-Henao JJ, et al. Increased levels of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) during Hurricane Dorian on the east coast of Florida. Environ Res 2022;208:112635.
16. de Wit CA, Bossi R, Dietz R, et al. Organohalogen compounds of emerging concern in Baltic Sea biota: levels, biomagnification potential and comparisons with legacy contaminants. Environ Int 2020;144:106037.
17. Wang Z, Xie Z, Möller A, Mi W, Wolschke H, Ebinghaus R. Atmospheric concentrations and gas/particle partitioning of neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in northern German coast. Atmospheric Environment 2014;95:207-13.
18. Routti H, Krafft BA, Herzke D, Eisert R, Oftedal O. Perfluoroalkyl substances detected in the world’s southernmost marine mammal, the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii). Environ Pollut 2015;197:62-7.
19. Casal P, Zhang Y, Martin JW, Pizarro M, Jiménez B, Dachs J. Role of snow deposition of perfluoroalkylated substances at Coastal Livingston Island (Maritime Antarctica). Environ Sci Technol 2017;51:8460-70.
20. Cheng Y, Mai L, Lu X, et al. Occurrence and abundance of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on microplastics (MPs) in Pearl River Estuary (PRE) region: spatial and temporal variations. Environ Pollut 2021;281:117025.
21. Meng L, Lu Y, Wang Y, et al. Occurrence, temporal variation (2010-2018), distribution, and source appointment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in mollusks from the Bohai Sea, China. ACS EST Water 2022;2:195-205.
22. Wang Q, Tsui MMP, Ruan Y, et al. Occurrence and distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the seawater and sediment of the South China sea coastal region. Chemosphere 2019;231:468-77.
23. Allinson M, Yamashita N, Taniyasu S, Yamazaki E, Allinson G. Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in selected Victorian rivers and estuaries: an historical snapshot. Heliyon 2019;5:e02472.
24. Schmidt N, Fauvelle V, Castro-Jiménez J, et al. Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Bay of Marseille (NW Mediterranean Sea) and the Rhône River. Mar Pollut Bull 2019;149:110491.
25. Catherine M, Nadège B, Charles P, Yann A. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the marine environment: spatial distribution and temporal profile shifts in shellfish from French coasts. Chemosphere 2019;228:640-8.
26. Gómez V, Torres M, Karásková P, Přibylová P, Klánová J, Pozo K. Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in marine plastic litter from coastal areas of Central Chile. Mar Pollut Bull 2021;172:112818.
27. Ali AM, Higgins CP, Alarif WM, Al-Lihaibi SS, Ghandourah M, Kallenborn R. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in contaminated coastal marine waters of the Saudi Arabian Red Sea: a baseline study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021;28:2791-803.
28. Pignotti E, Casas G, Llorca M, et al. Seasonal variations in the occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in water, sediment and fish samples from Ebro Delta (Catalonia, Spain). Sci Total Environ 2017;607-8:933-43.
29. Barhoumi B, Sander SG, Driss MR, Tolosa I. Survey of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in Mediterranean seafood from a North African ecosystem. Environ Pollut 2022;292:118398.
30. Ekperusi AO, Bely N, Pollono C, Mahé K, Munschy C, Aminot Y. Prevalence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in marine seafood from the Gulf of Guinea. Chemosphere 2023;335:139110.
31. Groffen T, Nkuba B, Wepener V, Bervoets L. Risks posed by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on the African continent, emphasizing aquatic ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:726-32.
32. Abafe OA, Macheka LR, Abafe OT, Chokwe TB. Concentrations and human exposure assessment of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances in farmed marine shellfish in South Africa. Chemosphere 2021;281:130985.
33. Fauconier G, Groffen T, Wepener V, Bervoets L. Perfluorinated compounds in the aquatic food chains of two subtropical estuaries. Sci Total Environ 2020;719:135047.
34. Nakayama SF, Yoshikane M, Onoda Y, et al. Worldwide trends in tracing poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 2019;121:115410.
35. Xiao F. Emerging poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in the aquatic environment: a review of current literature. Water Res 2017;124:482-95.
36. Mao W, Li M, Xue X, et al. Bioaccumulation and toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in marine algae Chlorella sp. Sci Total Environ 2023;870:161882.
37. Martín J, Hidalgo F, García-Corcoles MT, et al. Bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in marine echinoderms: results of laboratory-scale experiments with Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin, 1791. Chemosphere 2019;215:261-71.
38. Otero-Sabio C, Giacomello M, Centelleghe C, et al. Cell cycle alterations due to perfluoroalkyl substances PFOS, PFOA, PFBS, PFBA and the new PFAS C6O4 on bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) skin cell. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022;244:113980.
39. Fayiga AO, Ipinmoroti MO, Chirenje T. Environmental pollution in Africa. Environ Dev Sustain 2018;20:41-73.
40. Ouda M, Kadadou D, Swaidan B, et al. Emerging contaminants in the water bodies of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): a critical review. Sci Total Environ 2021;754:142177.
