REFERENCES
1. Lecaille F, Kaleta J, Brömme D. Human and parasitic papain-like cysteine proteases: their role in physiology and pathology and recent developments in inhibitor design. Chem Rev. 2002;102:4459-88.
2. Turk V, Stoka V, Vasiljeva O, et al. Cysteine cathepsins: from structure, function and regulation to new frontiers. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012;1824:68-88.
3. Brix K, Dunkhorst A, Mayer K, Jordans S. Cysteine cathepsins: cellular roadmap to different functions. Biochimie. 2008;90:194-207.
4. Kramer L, Turk D, Turk B. The future of cysteine cathepsins in disease management. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2017;38:873-98.
5. Lecaille F, Brömme D, Lalmanach G. Biochemical properties and regulation of cathepsin K activity. Biochimie. 2008;90:208-26.
6. Brömme D, Lecaille F. Cathepsin K inhibitors for osteoporosis and potential off-target effects. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009;18:585-600.
7. Novinec M, Lenarčič B. Cathepsin K: a unique collagenolytic cysteine peptidase. Biol Chem. 2013;394:1163-79.
8. Qian D, He L, Zhang Q, et al. Cathepsin K: a versatile potential biomarker and therapeutic target for various cancers. Curr Oncol. 2022;29:5963-87.
9. Rocho FR, Bonatto V, Lameiro RF, Lameira J, Leitão A, Montanari CA. A patent review on cathepsin K inhibitors to treat osteoporosis (2011-2021). Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2022;32:561-73.
10. Verbovšek U, Van Noorden CJ, Lah TT. Complexity of cancer protease biology: cathepsin K expression and function in cancer progression. Semin Cancer Biol. 2015;35:71-84.
12. Schechter I, Berger A. On the size of the active site in proteases. I. Papain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1967;27:157-62.
13. Jaffer FA, Kim DE, Quinti L, et al. Optical visualization of cathepsin K activity in atherosclerosis with a novel, protease-activatable fluorescence sensor. Circulation. 2007;115:2292-8.
14. Lecaille F, Weidauer E, Juliano MA, Brömme D, Lalmanach G. Probing cathepsin K activity with a selective substrate spanning its active site. Biochem J. 2003;375:307-12.
15. Lemke C, Benýšek J, Brajtenbach D, et al. An activity-based probe for cathepsin K imaging with excellent potency and selectivity. J Med Chem. 2021;64:13793-806.
16. Richard ET, Morinaga K, Zheng Y, et al. Design and synthesis of cathepsin-k-activated osteoadsorptive fluorogenic sentinel (OFS) probes for detecting early osteoclastic bone resorption in a multiple myeloma mouse model. Bioconjug Chem. 2021;32:916-27.
17. Li Z, Hou WS, Brömme D. Collagenolytic activity of cathepsin K is specifically modulated by cartilage-resident chondroitin sulfates. Biochemistry. 2000;39:529-36.
18. Li Z, Hou W-S, Escalante-Torres CR, et al. Collagenase activity of cathepsin K depends on complex formation with chondroitin sulfate. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:28669-28676.
19. Fonović M, Turk B. Cysteine cathepsins and extracellular matrix degradation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1840:2560-70.
20. Brisson L, Reshkin SJ, Goré J, Roger S. pH regulators in invadosomal functioning: proton delivery for matrix tasting. Eur J Cell Biol. 2012;91:847-60.
21. Punturieri A, Filippov S, Allen E, et al. Regulation of elastinolytic cysteine proteinase activity in normal and cathepsin K-deficient human macrophages. J Exp Med. 2000;192:789-99.
22. Brömme D, Okamoto K. Human cathepsin O2, a novel cysteine protease highly expressed in osteoclastomas and ovary molecular cloning, sequencing and tissue distribution. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1995;376:379-384.
23. Quintanilla-Dieck MJ, Codriansky K, Keady M, Bhawan J, Rünger TM. Expression and regulation of cathepsin K in skin fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol. 2009;18:596-602.
24. Friedrichs B, Tepel C, Reinheckel T, et al. Thyroid functions of mouse cathepsins B, K, and L. J Clin Invest. 2003;111:1733-45.
25. Tepel C, Brömme D, Herzog V, Brix K. Cathepsin K in thyroid epithelial cells: sequence, localization and possible function in extracellular proteolysis of thyroglobulin. J Cell Sci. 2000;113 Pt 24:4487-98.
26. Bühling F, Waldburg N, Reisenauer A, et al. Lysosomal cysteine proteases in the lung: role in protein processing and immunoregulation. Eur Respir J. 2004;23:620-628.
27. Zhang D, Leung N, Weber E, Saftig P, Brömme D. The effect of cathepsin K deficiency on airway development and TGF-β1 degradation. Respir Res. 2011;12:72.
29. Chen H, Wang J, Xiang MX, et al. Cathepsin S-mediated fibroblast trans-differentiation contributes to left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res. 2013;100:84-94.
30. Yue X, Piao L, Wang H, et al. Cathepsin K deficiency prevented kidney damage and dysfunction in response to 5/6 nephrectomy injury in mice with or without chronic stress. Hypertension. 2022;79:1713-23.
31. Zhang X, Zhou Y, Yu X, et al. Differential roles of cysteinyl cathepsins in tgf-β signaling and tissue fibrosis. iScience. 2019;19:607-22.
32. Lalmanach G, Saidi A, Marchand-Adam S, Lecaille F, Kasabova M. Cysteine cathepsins and cystatins: from ancillary tasks to prominent status in lung diseases. Biol Chem. 2015;396:111-30.
33. Kasabova M, Joulin-Giet A, Lecaille F, et al. Regulation of TGF-β1-driven differentiation of human lung fibroblasts: emerging roles of cathepsin B and cystatin C. J Biol Chem. 2014;289:16239-51.
34. Biasizzo M, Javoršek U, Vidak E, Zarić M, Turk B. Cysteine cathepsins: a long and winding road towards clinics. Mol Aspects Med. 2022;88:101150.
35. Henriksen K, Thudium CS, Christiansen C, Karsdal MA. Novel targets for the prevention of osteoporosis - lessons learned from studies of metabolic bone disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2015;19:1575-84.
36. Wen X, Yi LZ, Liu F, Wei JH, Xue Y. The role of cathepsin K in oral and maxillofacial disorders. Oral Dis. 2016;22:109-15.
37. Xue Y, Wang L, Xia D, et al. Dental abnormalities caused by novel compound heterozygous CTSK Mutations. J Dent Res. 2015;94:674-81.
38. Zhang Y, Ji D, Li L, Yang S, Zhang H, Duan X. ClC-7 Regulates the pattern and early development of craniofacial bone and tooth. Theranostics. 2019;9:1387-400.
39. McClung MR, O'Donoghue ML, Papapoulos SE, et al. LOFT Investigators. Odanacatib for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: results of the LOFT multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and LOFT Extension study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7:899-911.
40. Panwar P, Law S, Jamroz A, et al. Tanshinones that selectively block the collagenase activity of cathepsin K provide a novel class of ectosteric antiresorptive agents for bone. Br J Pharmacol. 2018;175:902-23.
41. Panwar P, Xue L, Søe K, et al. An ectosteric inhibitor of cathepsin K inhibits bone resorption in ovariectomized mice. J Bone Miner Res. 2017;32:2415-30.
42. Yang YS, Xie J, Chaugule S, et al. Bone-Targeting AAV-mediated gene silencing in osteoclasts for osteoporosis therapy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2020;17:922-35.
43. Cottin V, Archer F, Khouatra C, Lazor R, Cordier JF. Lymphangioléiomyomatose pulmonaireLymphangioleiomyomatosis. Presse Med. 2010;39:116-25.
44. Johnson SR, Cordier JF, Lazor R, et al. Review Panel of the ERS LAM Task Force. European Respiratory Society guidelines for the diagnosis and management of lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Eur Respir J. 2010;35:14-26.
45. Harknett EC, Chang WY, Byrnes S, et al. Use of variability in national and regional data to estimate the prevalence of lymphangioleiomyomatosis. QJM. 2011;104:971-9.
46. Henske EP, McCormack FX. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis - a wolf in sheep’s clothing. J Clin Invest. 2012;122:3807-16.
47. Taveira-DaSilva AM, Moss J. Epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs. 2016;4:369-78.
48. Ruiz de Garibay G, Herranz C, Llorente A, et al. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis biomarkers linked to lung metastatic potential and cell stemness. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0132546.
49. Gown AM, Vogel AM, Hoak D, et al. Monoclonal antibodies specific for melanocytic tumors distinguish subpopulations of melanocytes. Am J Pathol. 1986;123:195-203.
50. Matsumoto Y, Horiba K, Usuki J, Chu SC, Ferrans VJ, Moss J. Markers of cell proliferation and expression of melanosomal antigen in lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1999;21:327-36.
51. Young L, Lee HS, Inoue Y, et al. MILES Trial Group. Serum VEGF-D a concentration as a biomarker of lymphangioleiomyomatosis severity and treatment response: a prospective analysis of the Multicenter International Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Efficacy of Sirolimus (MILES) trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2013;1:445-52.
52. Gupta N, Henske EP. Pulmonary manifestations in tuberous sclerosis complex. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2018;178:326-37.
53. Smolarek TA, Wessner LL, McCormack FX, Mylet JC, Menon AG, Henske EP. Evidence that lymphangiomyomatosis is caused by TSC2 mutations: chromosome 16p13 loss of heterozygosity in angiomyolipomas and lymph nodes from women with lymphangiomyomatosis. Am J Hum Genet. 1998;62:810-5.
54. Yu J, Henske EP. mTOR activation, lymphangiogenesis, and estrogen-mediated cell survival: the “perfect storm” of pro-metastatic factors in LAM pathogenesis. Lymphat Res Biol. 2010;8:43-9.
55. McCarthy C, Gupta N, Johnson SR, Yu JJ, McCormack FX. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9:1313-27.
56. Harari S, Spagnolo P, Cocconcelli E, Luisi F, Cottin V. Recent advances in the pathobiology and clinical management of lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2018;24:469-76.
57. Courtwright AM, Goldberg HJ, Henske EP, El-Chemaly S. The effect of mTOR inhibitors on respiratory infections in lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Eur Respir Rev. 2017;26:160004.
58. Moir LM. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: Current understanding and potential treatments. Pharmacol Ther. 2016;158:114-24.
59. Chilosi M, Pea M, Martignoni G, et al. Cathepsin-k expression in pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Mod Pathol. 2009;22:161-166.
60. Dongre A, Clements D, Fisher AJ, Johnson SR. Cathepsin K in lymphangioleiomyomatosis: LAM cell-fibroblast interactions enhance protease activity by extracellular acidification. Am J Pathol. 2017;187:1750-62.
61. Caliò A, Brunelli M, Gobbo S, et al. Cathepsin K: a novel diagnostic and predictive biomarker for renal tumors. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13:2441.
62. Rolim I, Makupson M, Lovrenski A, Farver C. Cathepsin K is superior to HMB45 for the diagnosis of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2022;30:108-12.
63. Westergren-Thorsson G, Hedström U, Nybom A, et al. Increased deposition of glycosaminoglycans and altered structure of heparan sulfate in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2017;83:27-38.
64. Chazeirat T, Denamur S, Bojarski KK, et al. The abnormal accumulation of heparan sulfate in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis prevents the elastolytic activity of cathepsin V. Carbohydr Polym. 2021;253:117261.
65. Kant S, Kumar A, Singh SM. Bicarbonate transport inhibitor SITS modulates pH homeostasis triggering apoptosis of Dalton’s lymphoma: implication of novel molecular mechanisms. Mol Cell Biochem. 2014;397:167-78.
66. Pacchiano F, Carta F, McDonald PC, et al. Ureido-substituted benzenesulfonamides potently inhibit carbonic anhydrase IX and show antimetastatic activity in a model of breast cancer metastasis. J Med Chem. 2011;54:1896-902.
67. Miller S, Stewart ID, Clements D, Soomro I, Babaei-Jadidi R, Johnson SR. Evolution of lung pathology in lymphangioleiomyomatosis: associations with disease course and treatment response. J Pathol Clin Res. 2020;6:215-26.
68. Taveira-Dasilva AM, Stylianou MP, Hedin CJ, Hathaway O, Moss J. Bone mineral density in lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171:61-7.
69. Iakymenko OA, Delma KS, Jorda M, Kryvenko ON. Cathepsin K (Clone EPR19992) demonstrates uniformly positive immunoreactivity in renal oncocytoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, and distal tubules. Int J Surg Pathol. 2021;29:600-5.
70. Seo SU, Woo SM, Kim MW, et al. Cathepsin K inhibition-induced mitochondrial ROS enhances sensitivity of cancer cells to anti-cancer drugs through USP27x-mediated Bim protein stabilization. Redox Biol. 2020;30:101422.
