REFERENCES
1. Desai TK, Stecevic V, Chang CH, Goldstein NS, Badizadegan K, Furuta GT. Association of eosinophilic inflammation with esophageal food impaction in adults. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61:795-801.
2. Kerlin P, Jones D, Remedios M, Campbell C. Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults with food bolus obstruction of the esophagus. J Clin Gastroenterol 2007;41:356-61.
3. Sperry SL, Crockett SD, Miller CB, Shaheen NJ, Dellon ES. Esophageal foreign-body impactions: epidemiology, time trends, and the impact of the increasing prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastrointest Endosc 2011;74:985-91.
4. Mahesh VN, Holloway RH, Nguyen NQ. Changing epidemiology of food bolus impaction: is eosinophilic esophagitis to blame? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28:963-6.
5. Dellon ES, Hirano I. Epidemiology and natural history of eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2018;154:319-32.e3.
6. Simon D, Cianferoni A, Spergel JM, Aceves S, Holbreich M, Venter C, Rothenberg ME, Terreehorst I, Muraro A, Lucendo AJ, Schoepfer A, Straumann A, Simon HU. Eosinophilic esophagitis is characterized by a non-IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity. Allergy 2016;71:611-20.
7. DeBrosse CW, Rothenberg ME. Allergy and eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal disorders (EGID). Curr Opin Immunol 2008;20:703-8.
8. Sampson HA, Aceves S, Bock SA, James J, Jones S, Lang D, Nadeau K, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Oppenheimer J, Perry TT, Randolph C, Sicherer SH, Simon RA, Vickery BP, Wood R, Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, Bernstein D, Blessing-Moore J, Khan D, Lang D, Nicklas R, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy J, Randolph C, Schuller D, Spector S, Tilles SA, Wallace D, Practice Parameter Workshop, Sampson HA, Aceves S, Bock SA, James J, Jones S, Lang D, Nadeau K, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Oppenheimer J, Perry TT, Randolph C, Sicherer SH, Simon RA, Vickery BP, Wood R. Food allergy: a practice parameter update-2014. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;134:1016-25.e43.
9. Fogg MI, Ruchelli E, Spergel JM. Pollen and eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;112:796-7.
10. Rayapudi M, Mavi P, Zhu X, Pandey AK, Abonia JP, Rothenberg ME, Mishra A. Indoor insect allergens are potent inducers of experimental eosinophilic esophagitis in mice. J Leukoc Biol 2010;88:337-46.
11. Lucendo AJ, Molina-Infante J, Arias A, von Arnim U, Bredenoord AJ, Bussmann C, Amil Dias J, Bove M, Gonzalez-Cervera J, Larsson H, Miehlke S, Papadopoulou A, Rodriguez-Sanchez J, Ravelli A, Ronkainen J, Santander C, Schoepfer AM, Storr MA, Terreehorst I, Straumann A, Attwood SE. Guidelines on eosinophilic esophagitis: evidence-based statements and recommendations for diagnosis and management in children and adults. United European Gastroenterol J 2017;5:335-58.
12. Wechsler JB, Bryce PJ. Allergic mechanisms in eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2014;43:281-96.
13. Hill DA, Grundmeier RW, Ramos M, Spergel JM. Eosinophilic esophagitis is a late manifestation of the atopic march. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.05.010.
14. Hill DA, Spergel JM. The immunologic mechanisms of eosinophilic esophagitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016;16:9.
15. O'Shea KM, Aceves SS, Dellon ES, Gupta SK, Spergel JM, Furuta GT, Rothenberg ME. Pathophysiology of eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2018;154:333-45.
16. Mishra A, Hogan SP, Brandt EB, Rothenberg ME. An etiological role for aeroallergens and eosinophils in experimental esophagitis. J Clin Invest 2001;107:83-90.
17. Friedman RC, Farh KK, Burge CB, Bartel DP. Most mammalian mRNAs are conserved targets of microRNAs. Genome Res 2009;19:92-105.
18. Cortez MA, Bueso-Ramos C, Ferdin J, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK, Calin GA. MicroRNAs in body fluids--the mix of hormones and biomarkers. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2011;8:467-77.
19. Weber JA, Baxter DH, Zhang S, Huang DY, Huang KH, Lee MJ, Galas DJ, Wang K. The microRNA spectrum in 12 body fluids. Clin Chem 2010;56:1733-41.
20. Panganiban RP, Pinkerton MH, Maru SY, Jefferson SJ, Roff AN, Ishmael FT. Differential microRNA epression in asthma and the role of miR-1248 in regulation of IL-5. Am J Clin Exp Immunol 2012;1:154-65.
21. Panganiban RP, Wang Y, Howrylak J, Chinchilli VM, Craig TJ, August A, Ishmael FT. Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016;137:1423-32.
22. Lu TX, Munitz A, Rothenberg ME. MicroRNA-21 is up-regulated in allergic airway inflammation and regulates IL-12p35 expression. J Immunol 2009;182:4994-5002.
23. Liu F, Qin HB, Xu B, Zhou H, Zhao DY. Profiling of miRNAs in pediatric asthma: upregulation of miRNA-221 and miRNA-485-3p. Mol Med Rep 2012;6:1178-82.
24. Sonkoly E, Janson P, Majuri ML, Savinko T, Fyhrquist N, Eidsmo L, Xu N, Meisgen F, Wei T, Bradley M, Stenvang J, Kauppinen S, Alenius H, Lauerma A, Homey B, Winqvist O, Stahle M, Pivarcsi A. MiR-155 is overexpressed in patients with atopic dermatitis and modulates T-cell proliferative responses by targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;126:581-9.e1-20.
25. Vennegaard MT, Bonefeld CM, Hagedorn PH, Bangsgaard N, Lovendorf MB, Odum N, Woetmann A, Geisler C, Skov L. Allergic contact dermatitis induces upregulation of identical microRNAs in humans and mice. Contact Dermatitis 2012;67:298-305.
26. Shaoqing Y, Ruxin Z, Guojun L, Zhiqiang Y, Hua H, Shudong Y, Jie Z. Microarray analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs in allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2011;25:e242-6.
27. Attwood SE, Smyrk TC, Demeester TR, Jones JB. Esophageal eosinophilia with dysphagia. A distinct clinicopathologic syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 1993;38:109-16.
28. Biton M, Levin A, Slyper M, Alkalay I, Horwitz E, Mor H, Kredo-Russo S, Avnit-Sagi T, Cojocaru G, Zreik F, Bentwich Z, Poy MN, Artis D, Walker MD, Hornstein E, Pikarsky E, Ben-Neriah Y. Epithelial microRNAs regulate gut mucosal immunity via epithelium-T cell crosstalk. Nat Immunol 2011;12:239-46.
29. McKenna LB, Schug J, Vourekas A, McKenna JB, Bramswig NC, Friedman JR, Kaestner KH. MicroRNAs control intestinal epithelial differentiation, architecture, and barrier function. Gastroenterology 2010;139:1654-64.e1.
30. Nakato G, Hase K, Sato T, Kimura S, Sakakibara S, Sugiyama M, Obata Y, Hanazato M, Iwanaga T, Ohno H. Epithelium-intrinsic microRNAs contribute to mucosal immune homeostasis by promoting M-cell maturation. PLoS One 2016;11:e0150379.
31. Lu TX, Lim EJ, Wen T, Plassard AJ, Hogan SP, Martin LJ, Aronow BJ, Rothenberg ME. MiR-375 is downregulated in epithelial cells after IL-13 stimulation and regulates an IL-13-induced epithelial transcriptome. Mucosal Immunol 2012;5:388-96.
32. Lu TX, Sherrill JD, Wen T, Plassard AJ, Besse JA, Abonia JP, Franciosi JP, Putnam PE, Eby M, Martin LJ, Aronow BJ, Rothenberg ME. MicroRNA signature in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, reversibility with glucocorticoids, and assessment as disease biomarkers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;129:1064-75.e9.
33. Zahm AM, Menard-Katcher C, Benitez AJ, Tsoucas DM, Le Guen CL, Hand NJ, Friedman JR. Pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis is associated with changes in esophageal microRNAs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014;307:G803-12.
34. Dweep H, Gretz N. miRWalk2.0: a comprehensive atlas of microRNA-target interactions. Nat Methods 2015;12:697.
35. Azouz NP, Ynga-Durand MA, Caldwell JM, Jain A, Rochman M, Fischesser DM, Ray LM, Bedard MC, Mingler MK, Forney C, Eilerman M, Kuhl JT, He H, Biagini Myers JM, Mukkada VA, Putnam PE, Khurana Hershey GK, Kottyan LC, Wen T, Martin LJ, Rothenberg ME. The antiprotease SPINK7 serves as an inhibitory checkpoint for esophageal epithelial inflammatory responses. Sci Transl Med 2018;10:eaap9736.
36. Anthiya S, Griveau A, Loussouarn C, Baril P, Garnett M, Issartel JP, Garcion E. MicroRNA-based drugs for brain tumors. Trends Cancer 2018;4:222-38.
37. Guo J, Jiang X, Gui S. RNA interference-based nanosystems for inflammatory bowel disease therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2016;11:5287-310.
39. Lu S, Mukkada VA, Mangray S, Cleveland K, Shillingford N, Schorl C, Brodsky AS, Resnick MB. MicroRNA profiling in mucosal biopsies of eosinophilic esophagitis patients pre and post treatment with steroids and relationship with mRNA targets. PLoS One 2012;7:e40676.
40. Kelbel TE, Ghaffari G, Sena M, Ishmael FT. Salivary microRNA as a biomarker for monitoring response to treatment in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015;135:AB78.
41. Swanson K, Devaraj S, Shulman R, Schaefer J, Hiremath G. Salivary microRNAs in eosinophilic esophagitis: pathobiologic implications and potential as noninvasive biomarker. Gastroenterology 2016;150:S673-S4.
42. Shoda T, Wen T, Aceves SS, Abonia JP, Atkins D, Bonis PA, Caldwell JM, Capocelli KE, Carpenter CL, Collins MH, Dellon ES, Eby MD, Gonsalves N, Gupta SK, Falk GW, Hirano I, Menard-Katcher P, Kuhl JT, Krischer JP, Leung J, Mukkada VA, Spergel JM, Trimarchi MP, Yang GY, Zimmermann N, Furuta GT, Rothenberg ME; Consortium of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease Researchers (CEGIR). Eosinophilic oesophagitis endotype classification by molecular, clinical, and histopathological analyses: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;3:477-88.