REFERENCES
1. Geyer, R. Production, use, and fate of synthetic polymers. In Plastic Waste and Recycling; Elsevier, 2020; pp 13-32.
2. Chen, S.; Hu, Y. H. Chemical recycling of plastic wastes with alkaline earth metal oxides: a review. Sci. Total. Environ. 2023, 905, 167251.
3. Napper, I.; Thompson, R. Plastics and the environment. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2023, 48, 55-79.
4. Comanita, E.; Hlihor, R. M.; Ghinea, C.; Gavrilescu, M. Occurrence of plastic waste in the environment: ecological and health risks. Environ. Eng. Manag. J. 2016, 15, 675-85.
5. Geyer, R.; Jambeck, J. R.; Law, K. L. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Sci. Adv. 2017, 3, e1700782.
6. Wright, R. J.; Langille, M. G. I.; Walker, T. R. Food or just a free ride? A meta-analysis reveals the global diversity of the plastisphere. ISME. J. 2021, 15, 789-806.
7. Webb, H.; Arnott, J.; Crawford, R.; Ivanova, E. Plastic degradation and its environmental implications with special reference to poly(ethylene terephthalate). Polymers 2012, 5, 1-18.
8. Zhang, K.; Hamidian, A. H.; Tubić, A.; et al. Understanding plastic degradation and microplastic formation in the environment: a review. Environ. Pollut. 2021, 274, 116554.
9. Thompson, R. C.; Olsen, Y.; Mitchell, R. P.; et al. Lost at sea: where is all the plastic? Science 2004, 304, 838.
10. Wei, H.; Wang, J.; Pan, S.; et al. Are wastewater treatment plants as the source of microplastics in surface water and soil? J. Hazard. Mater. 2023, 459, 132154.
11. Wang, W.; Yuan, W.; Chen, Y.; Wang, J. Microplastics in surface waters of Dongting Lake and Hong Lake, China. Sci. Total. Environ. 2018, 633, 539-45.
12. Guo, J. J.; Huang, X. P.; Xiang, L.; et al. Source, migration and toxicology of microplastics in soil. Environ. Int. 2020, 137, 105263.
13. Wang, C.; Guo, M.; Yan, B.; et al. Characteristics of microplastics in the atmosphere of Anyang City. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2024, 196, 350.
14. González-Pleiter, M.; Edo, C.; Velázquez, D.; et al. First detection of microplastics in the freshwater of an Antarctic specially protected area. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2020, 161, 111811.
15. Napper, I. E.; Davies, B. F.; Clifford, H.; et al. Reaching new heights in plastic pollution - preliminary findings of microplastics on mount Everest. One. Earth. 2020, 3, 621-30.
16. Priya, A. K.; Jalil, A. A.; Dutta, K.; et al. Microplastics in the environment: recent developments in characteristic, occurrence, identification and ecological risk. Chemosphere 2022, 298, 134161.
17. Surendran, U.; Jayakumar, M.; Raja, P.; Gopinath, G.; Chellam, P. V. Microplastics in terrestrial ecosystem: sources and migration in soil environment. Chemosphere 2023, 318, 137946.
18. Wang, Z.; Li, W.; Li, W.; Yang, W.; Jing, S. Effects of microplastics on the water characteristic curve of soils with different textures. Chemosphere 2023, 317, 137762.
19. Ragusa, A.; Svelato, A.; Santacroce, C.; et al. Plasticenta: first evidence of microplastics in human placenta. Environ. Int. 2021, 146, 106274.
20. Jenner, L. C.; Rotchell, J. M.; Bennett, R. T.; Cowen, M.; Tentzeris, V.; Sadofsky, L. R. Detection of microplastics in human lung tissue using μFTIR spectroscopy. Sci. Total. Environ. 2022, 831, 154907.
21. Leslie, H. A.; van Velzen, M. J. M.; Brandsma, S. H.; Vethaak, A. D.; Garcia-Vallejo, J. J.; Lamoree, M. H. Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood. Environ. Int. 2022, 163, 107199.
22. Zhao, Q.; Zhu, L.; Weng, J.; et al. Detection and characterization of microplastics in the human testis and semen. Sci. Total. Environ. 2023, 877, 162713.
23. Yang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Kang, S.; Wang, Z.; Wu, C. Microplastics in soil: a review on methods, occurrence, sources, and potential risk. Sci. Total. Environ. 2021, 780, 146546.
24. Yang, J.; Lianzhen, L.; Qian, Z.; Ruijie, L.; Tu, C.; et al. Microplastics contamination of soil environment: Sources, processes and risks. Acta. Pedol. Sin. 2021, 58, 281-298.
25. Li, K.; He, Q.; Zhu, J.; et al. Responses of microbial communities to the addition of different types of microplastics in agricultural soils. Environ. Pollut. 2025, 364, 125220.
26. Medyńska-Juraszek, A.; Jadhav, B. Influence of different microplastic forms on pH and mobility of Cu2+ and Pb2+ in soil. Molecules 2022, 27.
27. Zhang, M.; Liu, L.; Xu, D.; Zhang, B.; Li, J.; Gao, B. Small-sized microplastics (< 500 μm) in roadside soils of Beijing, China: accumulation, stability, and human exposure risk. Environ. Pollut. 2022, 304, 119121.
28. Ma, G.; Ding, J. F.; Zhou, Y.; et al. Distribution characteristics and risk assessment of microplastics in farmland soil in Guyuan. Huan. Jing. Ke. Xue. 2023, 44, 5055-62.
29. Yu, Q.; Liu, S.; Ma, L.; Men, Z.; Li, T.; et al. Analysis on the occurrence characteristics and influencing factors of microplastics in Harbin agricultural soils. China. Environ. Sci. 2023, 43, 793-9.
30. Rillig, M. C. Microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems and the soil? Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 6453-4.
31. Nematollahi, M. J.; Keshavarzi, B.; Mohit, F.; Moore, F.; Busquets, R. Microplastic occurrence in urban and industrial soils of Ahvaz metropolis: a city with a sustained record of air pollution. Sci. Total. Environ. 2022, 819, 152051.
32. Scheurer, M.; Bigalke, M. Microplastics in Swiss floodplain soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 3591-8.
33. Silva, A. L.; Prata, J. C.; Duarte, A. C.; Soares, A. M.; Barceló, D.; Rocha-santos, T. Microplastics in landfill leachates: the need for reconnaissance studies and remediation technologies. Case. Stud. Chem. Environ. Eng. 2021, 3, 100072.
34. Salikova, N. S.; Rodrigo-Ilarri, J.; Rodrigo-Clavero, M.; Urazbayeva, S. E.; Askarova, A. Z.; Magzhanov, K. M. Environmental assessment of microplastic pollution induced by solid waste landfills in the Akmola region (North Kazakhstan). Water 2023, 15, 2889.
35. K, M. B.; Natesan, U.; R, V.; R, P. K.; R, R.; S, S. Spatial distribution of microplastic concentration around landfill sites and its potential risk on groundwater. Chemosphere 2021, 277, 130263.
36. He, P.; Chen, L.; Shao, L.; Zhang, H.; Lü, F. Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill: A source of microplastics? - Evidence of microplastics in landfill leachate. Water. Res. 2019, 159, 38-45.
37. Su, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Wu, D.; Zhan, L.; Shi, H.; Xie, B. Occurrence of microplastics in landfill systems and their fate with landfill age. Water. Res. 2019, 164, 114968.
38. Carr, S. A.; Liu, J.; Tesoro, A. G. Transport and fate of microplastic particles in wastewater treatment plants. Water. Res. 2016, 91, 174-82.
39. Ding, H. Evaluation and countermeasures of water environment carrying capacity in Anyang city. J. Green. Sci. Technol. 2024. , 26, 146-52.
40. Lee, H.; Kim, S.; Sin, A.; et al. Pretreatment methods for monitoring microplastics in soil and freshwater sediment samples: a comprehensive review. Sci. Total. Environ. 2023, 871, 161718.
41. Li, J.; Song, Y.; Cai, Y. Focus topics on microplastics in soil: analytical methods, occurrence, transport, and ecological risks. Environ. Pollut. 2020, 257, 113570.
42. Ranjani, M.; Veerasingam, S.; Venkatachalapathy, R.; et al. Assessment of potential ecological risk of microplastics in the coastal sediments of India: a meta-analysis. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2021, 163, 111969.
43. Sun, X.; Gou, Y.; Yan, H.; Tang, Q.; Yang, Z.; et al. Soil microplastic pollution and distribution characteristics in a typicacotton field in northern Xinjiang, China. J. Agro-Environ. Sci. 2024, 43, 571-80.
44. Hakanson, L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach. Water. Res. 1980, 14, 975-1001.
45. Xu, P.; Peng, G.; Su, L.; Gao, Y.; Gao, L.; Li, D. Microplastic risk assessment in surface waters: a case study in the Changjiang Estuary, China. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2018, 133, 647-54.
46. Lithner, D.; Larsson, A.; Dave, G. Environmental and health hazard ranking and assessment of plastic polymers based on chemical composition. Sci. Total. Environ. 2011, 409, 3309-24.
47. Mahesh, S.; Gowda, N. K.; Mahesh, S. Identification of microplastics from urban informal solid waste landfill soil; MP associations with COD and chloride. Water. Sci. Technol. 2023, 87, 115-29.
48. Wan, Y.; Chen, X.; Liu, Q.; Hu, H.; Wu, C.; Xue, Q. Informal landfill contributes to the pollution of microplastics in the surrounding environment. Environ. Pollut. 2022, 293, 118586.
49. Zhou, B.; Wang, J.; Zhang, H.; et al. Microplastics in agricultural soils on the coastal plain of Hangzhou Bay, east China: multiple sources other than plastic mulching film. J. Hazard. Mater. 2020, 388, 121814.
50. Grayling, K.; Young, S.; Roberts, C.; et al. The application of X-ray micro computed tomography imaging for tracing particle movement in soil. Geoderma 2018, 321, 8-14.
51. Van Cauwenberghe, L.; Claessens, M.; Vandegehuchte, M. B.; Janssen, C. R. Microplastics are taken up by mussels (Mytilus edulis) and lugworms (Arenicola marina) living in natural habitats. Environ. Pollut. 2015, 199, 10-7.
52. Islam, T.; Li, Y.; Rob, M. M.; Cheng, H. Microplastic pollution in Bangladesh: research and management needs. Environ. Pollut. 2022, 308, 119697.
53. Steinmetz, Z.; Wollmann, C.; Schaefer, M.; et al. Plastic mulching in agriculture. Trading short-term agronomic benefits for long-term soil degradation? Sci. Total. Environ. 2016, 550, 690-705.
54. Pratiwi, O. A.; Achmadi, U. F.; Kurniawan, R. Microplastic pollution in landfill soil: emerging threats the environmental and public health. Environ. Anal. Health. Toxicol. 2024, 39, e20240090.
55. Han, L. H.; Xu, L.; Li, Q. L.; Lu, A. X.; Yin, J. W.; Tian, J. Y. Levels, characteristics, and potential source of micro(meso)plastic pollution of soil in Liaohe River Basin. Huan. Jing. Ke. Xue. 2021, 42, 1781-90.
56. Romsaiyud, A.; Songkasiri, W.; Nopharatana, A.; Chaiprasert, P. Combination effect of pH and acetate on enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. J. Environ. Sci. (China). 2009, 21, 965-70.
57. Ding, L.; Guo, X.; Du, S.; et al. Insight into the photodegradation of microplastics boosted by iron (hydr)oxides. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2022, 56, 17785-94.
58. Yang, Y.; Qiu, J.; Zhang, H.; He, P.; Lü, F. How soon will landfilled plastics integrate into the geological carbon cycle? Environ. Sci. Ecotechnol. 2025, 26, 100590.
