REFERENCES

1. Jones K, de Voogt P. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs): state of the science. Environmental Pollution 1999;100:209-21.

2. Wania F, Mackay D. Peer reviewed: tracking the distribution of persistent organic pollutants. Environ Sci Technol 1996;30:390A-6A.

3. Gouin T. Modelling the environmental fate of the polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Environment International 2003;29:717-24.

4. Ockenden WA. Global fractionation. Progress in environmental. Science 1999;1:119-151.

5. Atlas E, Giam CS. Ambient concentration and precipitation scavenging of atmospheric organic pollutants. Water Air Soil Pollut 1988;38:19-36.

6. Simonich SL, Hites RA. Global distribution of persistent organochlorine compounds. Science 1995;269:1851-4.

7. Wania F, Mackay D. Global fractionation and cold condensation of low volatility organochlorine compounds in polar regions. Ambio 1993;22:10-18.

8. AMAP. AMAP assessment 2016: chemicals of emerging arctic concern. Available from: https://www.amap.no/documents/doc/AMAP-Assessment-2016-Chemicals-of-Emerging-Arctic-Concern/1624 [Last accessed on 6 May 2022].

9. Daley JM, Corkum LD, Drouillard KG. Aquatic to terrestrial transfer of sediment associated persistent organic pollutants is enhanced by bioamplification processes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2011;30:2167-74.

10. Ikemoto T, Tu NP, Watanabe MX, et al. Analysis of biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants in the aquatic food web of the Mekong Delta, South Vietnam using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Chemosphere 2008;72:104-14.

11. Kelly BC, Ikonomou MG, Blair JD, Morin AE, Gobas FA. Food web-specific biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants. Science 2007;317:236-9.

12. Mackay D, Wania F. Transport of contaminants to the Arctic: partitioning, processes and models. Science of The Total Environment 1995;160-161:25-38.

13. Schure AF, Larsson P, Agrell C, Boon JP. Atmospheric transport of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls to the Baltic Sea. Environ Sci Technol 2004;38:1282-7.

14. Beyer A, Mackay D, Matthies M, Wania F, Webster E. Assessing long-range transport potential of persistent organic pollutants. Environ Sci Technol 2000;34:699-703.

15. Hong H, Xu L, Zhang L, Chen J, Wong Y, Wan T. Special guest paper. Marine Pollution Bulletin 1995;31:229-36.

16. Iwata H, Tanabe S, Sakai N, Tatsukawa R. Distribution of persistent organochlorines in the oceanic air and surface seawater and the role of ocean on their global transport and fate. Environ Sci Technol 1993;27:1080-98.

17. Saliot A, Bigot M, Bouloubassi I, Lipiatou E, Qiu Y, Scribe P. Transport and fate of hydrocarbons in rivers and their estuaries. Partitioning between dissolved and particulate phases: case studies of the Rhône, France, and the Huanghe and the Changjiang, China. Science of The Total Environment 1990;97-98:55-68.

18. Li YF, Cai DJ, Singh A. Technical hexachlorocyclohexane use trends in China and their impact on the environment. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1998;35:688-97.

19. Barakat AO. Assessment of persistent toxic substances in the environment of Egypt. Environment International 2004;30:309-22.

20. Prudente MS, Malarvannan G, Tanabe S. Persistent toxic substances in the philippine environment. Developments in Environmental Science 2007;7:559-85.

21. Barra R, Colombo JC, Eguren G, Gamboa N, Jardim WF, Mendoza G. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Eastern and Western South American countries. Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology ;2006:1-33.

22. UNEP. Report on progress in implementing the Road Map for the Development of Alternatives to DDT. Available from: https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/31829/RUEPIRDA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y [Last accessed on 6 May 2022].

23. Sergeev AV, Carpenter DO. Geospatial patterns of hospitalization rates for stroke with comorbid hypertension in relation to environmental sources of persistent organic pollutants: results from a 12-year population-based study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2011;18:576-85.

24. Sergeev AV, Carpenter DO. Increase in metabolic syndrome-related hospitalizations in relation to environmental sources of persistent organic pollutants. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2011;8:762-76.

25. Ren A, Qiu X, Jin L, et al. Association of selected persistent organic pollutants in the placenta with the risk of neural tube defects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011;108:12770-5.

26. Lim JS, Son HK, Park SK, Jacobs DR Jr, Lee DH. Inverse associations between long-term weight change and serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011;35:744-7.

27. Carpenter DO. Health effects of persistent organic pollutants: the challenge for the Pacific Basin and for the world. Rev Environ Health 2011;26:61-9.

28. Harner T, Shoeib M, Diamond M, Stern G, Rosenberg B. Using passive air samplers to assess urban-rural trends for persistent organic pollutants. 1. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides. Environ Sci Technol 2004;38:4474-83.

29. Pozo K, Harner T, Shoeib M, et al. Passive-sampler derived air concentrations of persistent organic pollutants on a north-south transect in Chile. Environ Sci Technol 2004;38:6529-37.

30. Jaward FM, Farrar NJ, Harner T, Sweetman AJ, Jones KC. Passive air sampling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated naphthalenes across Europe. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2004;23:1355-64.

31. Markovic MZ, Prokop S, Staebler RM, Liggio J, Harner T. Evaluation of the particle infiltration efficiency of three passive samplers and the PS-1 active air sampler. Atmospheric Environment 2015;112:289-93.

32. Bogdal C, Scheringer M, Abad E, et al. Worldwide distribution of persistent organic pollutants in air, including results of air monitoring by passive air sampling in five continents. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2013;46:150-61.

33. Harner T, Bartkow M, Holoubek I, et al. Passive air sampling for persistent organic pollutants: introductory remarks to the special issue. Environ Pollut 2006;144:361-4.

34. Pozo K, Harner T, Lee SC, Wania F, Muir DC, Jones KC. Seasonally resolved concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in the global atmosphere from the first year of the GAPS study. Environ Sci Technol 2009;43:796-803.

35. Gouin T, Harner T, Blanchard P, Mackay D. Passive and active air samplers as complementary methods for investigating persistent organic pollutants in the Great Lakes Basin. Environ Sci Technol 2005;39:9115-22.

36. UNEP. Global monitoring plan for persistent organic pollutants under the stockholm convention article 16 on effectiveness evaluation. Third regional monitoring report. Africa region. Available from: http://chm.pops.int/portals/0/download.aspx?d=UNEP-POPS-GMP-RMR-AFRICA-2021.English.pdf [Last accessed on 6 May 2022].

37. UNEP. Global monitoring plan for persistent organic pollutants under the stockholm convention article 16 on effectiveness evaluation. Third regional monitoring report. Asia-Pacific region. Available from: http://chm.pops.int/portals/0/download.aspx?d=UNEP-POPS-GMP-RMR-ASIAPACIFIC-2021.English.pdf. [Last accessed on 6 May 2022].

38. UNEP. Global monitoring plan for persistent organic pollutants under the stockholm convention article 16 on effectiveness evaluation. Third regional monitoring report. Central and Eastern European region. Available from: http://chm.pops.int/portals/0/download.aspx?d=UNEP-POPS-GMP-RMR-CEE-2021.English.pdf [Last accessed on 6 May 2022].

39. UNEP. Global Monitoring Plan For Persistent Organic Pollutants Under The Stockholm Convention Article 16 on Effectiveness Evaluation. Third regional monitoring report. Western Europe and Others Group (WEOG) region. Available from: http://chm.pops.int/portals/0/download.aspx?d=UNEP-POPS-GMP-RMR-WEOG-2021-REV1.English.pdf [Last accessed on 6 May 2022].

40. Gevao B, Porcelli M, Rajagopalan S, et al. Spatial and temporal variations in the atmospheric concentrations of “Stockholm Convention” organochlorine pesticides in Kuwait. Sci Total Environ 2018;622-623:1621-9.

41. Shoieb M, Harner T. Characterisation and comparison of three passive air samplers for persistent organic pollutants. Environ Sci Technol 2002;36:4142-51.

42. Harner T. Template for calculating effective air sample volumes for PUF and SIP disk sample. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319764519_2017_v1_5_Template_for_calculating_Effective_Air_Sample_Volumes_for_PUF_and_SIP_Disk_Samplers_Sept_15. 2017 [Last accessed on 6 May 2022].

43. USEPA. Human health risk assessment protocol: chapter 7 risk and hazard characterization. Available from: https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/td/web/pdf/05hhrap7.pdf [Last accessed on 6 May 2022].

44. USEPA. Exposure factors handbook 2011 edition (Final Report). Available from: https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/risk/recordisplay.cfm?deid=236252 [Last accessed on 6 May 2022].

45. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Age & environmental research online (HERO). Available from: https://hero.epa.gov/hero/index.cfm/reference/details/reference_id/783747 [Last accessed on 6 May 2022].

46. Wilford BH, Harner T, Zhu J, Shoeib M, Jones KC. Passive sampling survey of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in indoor and outdoor air in Ottawa, Canada: implications for sources and exposure. Environ Sci Technol 2004;38:5312-8.

47. Harner T, Ikonomou M, Shoeib M, Stern G, Diamond M. Passive air sampling results for polybrominated diphenyl ethers along an urban-rural transect. Organohalogen Compounds 2002;57:33-6.

48. Pozo K, Harner T, Wania F, Muir DC, Jones KC, Barrie LA. Toward a global network for persistent organic pollutants in air: results from the GAPS study. Environ Sci Technol 2006;40:4867-73.

49. Melymuk L, Robson M, Helm PA, Diamond ML. Evaluation of passive air sampler calibrations: Selection of sampling rates and implications for the measurement of persistent organic pollutants in air. Atmospheric Environment 2011;45:1867-75.

50. Bohlin P, Jones KC, Levin JO, Lindahl R, Strandberg B. Field evaluation of a passive personal air sampler for screening of PAH exposure in workplaces. J Environ Monit 2010;12:1437-44.

51. Harner T, Su K, Genualdi S, et al. Calibration and application of PUF disk passive air samplers for tracking polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Atmospheric Environment 2013;75:123-8.

52. Herkert NJ, Martinez A, Hornbuckle KC. A Model Using Local Weather Data to Determine the Effective Sampling Volume for PCB Congeners Collected on Passive Air Samplers. Environ Sci Technol 2016;50:6690-7.

53. Jaward FM, Farrar NJ, Harner T, Sweetman AJ, Jones KC. Passive air sampling of PCBs, PBDEs, and organochlorine pesticides across Europe. Environ Sci Technol 2004;38:34-41.

54. Kurt-karakus PB, Ugranli-cicek T, Sofuoglu SC, et al. The first countrywide monitoring of selected POPs: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the atmosphere of Turkey. Atmospheric Environment 2018;177:154-65.

55. Pozo K, Harner T, Lee SC, et al. Assessing seasonal and spatial trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Indian agricultural regions using PUF disk passive air samplers. Environ Pollut 2011;159:646-53.

56. Chakraborty P, Zhang G, Li J, et al. Selected organochlorine pesticides in the atmosphere of major Indian cities: levels, regional versus local variations, and sources. Environ Sci Technol 2010;44:8038-43.

57. Shunthirasingham C, Oyiliagu CE, Cao X, et al. Spatial and temporal pattern of pesticides in the global atmosphere. J Environ Monit 2010;12:1650-7.

58. Wurl O, Obbard JP. Organochlorine compounds in the marine atmosphere of Singapore. Atmospheric Environment 2005;39:7202-16.

59. Cheng H, Zhang G, Jiang JX, et al. Organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated biphenyl ethers and lead isotopes during the spring time at the Waliguan Baseline Observatory, northwest China: implication for long-range atmospheric transport. Atmospheric Environment 2007;41:4734-47.

60. Walker K, Vallero DA, Lewis RG. Factors influencing the distribution of lindane and other hexachlorocyclohexanes in the environment. Environ Sci Technol 1999;33:4373-8.

61. Su Y, Hung H, Blanchard P, et al. Spatial and seasonal variations of Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the Arctic atmosphere. Environ Sci Technol 2006;40:6601-7.

62. Li YF, Macdonald RW. Sources and pathways of selected organochlorine pesticides to the Arctic and the effect of pathway divergence on HCH trends in biota: a review. Sci Total Environ 2005;342:87-106.

63. Mendis K, Rietveld A, Warsame M, Bosman A, Greenwood B, Wernsdorfer WH. From malaria control to eradication: the WHO perspective. Trop Med Int Health 2009;14:802-9.

64. Halse AK, Schlabach M, Eckhardt S, Sweetman A, Jones KC, Breivik K. Spatial variability of POPs in European background air. Atmos Chem Phys 2011;11:1549-64.

65. Jawdeh GA; Lebanese Environmental Forum (LEF). International POPs elimination project. Available from: https://ipen.org/sites/default/files/documents/4leb_lebanon_country_situation_report-en.pdf [Last accessed on 6 May 2022].

66. Turgut C, Gokbulut C, Cutright TJ. Contents and sources of DDT impurities in dicofol formulations in Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2009;16:214-7.

67. Koblizkova M, Genualdi S, Lee SC, Harner T. Application of sorbent impregnated polyurethane foam (SIP) disk passive air samplers for investigating organochlorine pesticides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers at the global scale. Environ Sci Technol 2012;46:391-6.

68. Shen L, Wania F, Lei YD, Teixeira C, Muir DC, Bidleman TF. Atmospheric distribution and long-range transport behavior of organochlorine pesticides in North America. Environ Sci Technol 2005;39:409-20.

69. UNEP. Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants. Report of the conference of the parties of the stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants on the work of its fourth meeting. 2009. Available at Available from: http://chm.pops.int/Portals/0/download.aspx?d=UNEP-POPS-COP.4-38.English.pdf [Last accessed on 6 May 2022]

70. Bailey RE, van Wijk D, Thomas PC. Sources and prevalence of pentachlorobenzene in the environment. Chemosphere 2009;75:555-64.

71. Barber JL, Sweetman AJ, van Wijk D, Jones KC. Hexachlorobenzene in the global environment: emissions, levels, distribution, trends and processes. Sci Total Environ 2005;349:1-44.

72. Liu X, Zhang G, Li J, et al. Seasonal patterns and current sources of DDTs, chlordanes, hexachlorobenzene, and endosulfan in the atmosphere of 37 Chinese cities. Environ Sci Technol 2009;43:1316-21.

73. Ozcan S, Aydin ME. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in urban air of Konya, Turkey. Atmospheric Research 2009;93:715-22.

74. Bossi R, Skov H, Vorkamp K, et al. Atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychloronaphthalenes in Nuuk, South-West Greenland. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42:7293-303.

75. Park JS, Shin SK, Kim WI, Kim BH. Residual levels and identify possible sources of organochlorine pesticides in Korea atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment 2011;45:7496-502.

76. Li J, Zhang G, Guo L, et al. Organochlorine pesticides in the atmosphere of Guangzhou and Hong Kong: regional sources and long-range atmospheric transport. Atmospheric Environment 2007;41:3889-903.

77. Sovoccol GW, Lewis RG, Harless RL, Wilson NK, Zehr RD. Analysis of technical chlordane by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 1977;49:734-40.

78. Buser HR, Mueller MD. Enantioselective determination of chlordane components, metabolites, and photoconversion products in environmental samples using chiral high-resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol 1993;27:1211-20.

79. Mattina MJI, Iannucci-berger W, Dykas L, Pardus J. Impact of long-term weathering, mobility, and land use on chlordane residues in soil. Environ Sci Technol 1999;33:2425-31.

80. Jantunen LMM, Bidleman TF, Harner T, Parkhurst WJ. Toxaphene, chlordane, and other organochlorine pesticides in Alabama air. Environ Sci Technol 2000;34:5097-105.

81. Offenberg JH, Naumova YY, Turpin BJ, et al. Chlordanes in the indoor and outdoor air of three U.S. cities. Environ Sci Technol 2004;38:2760-8.

82. Harner T, Bidleman TF, Jantunen LMM, Mackay D. Soil-air exchange model of persistent pesticides in the United States cotton belt. Environ Toxicol Chem 2001;20:1612-21.

83. Mcconnell LL, Lenoir JS, Datta S, Seiber JN. Wet deposition of current-use pesticides in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, California, USA. Environ Toxicol Chem 1998;17:1908-16.

84. Yeo H, Choi M, Sunwoo Y. Seasonal variations in atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in urban and rural areas of Korea. Atmospheric Environment 2004;38:4779-88.

85. Batterman SA, Chernyak SM, Gounden Y, Matooane M, Naidoo RN. Organochlorine pesticides in ambient air in Durban, South Africa. Sci Total Environ 2008;397:119-30.

86. Alegria HA, Wong F, Jantunen LM, et al. Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in air of southern Mexico (2002-2004). Atmospheric Environment 2008;42:8810-8.

87. Zheng X, Chen D, Liu X, et al. Spatial and seasonal variations of organochlorine compounds in air on an urban-rural transect across Tianjin, China. Chemosphere 2010;78:92-8.

88. Yang Y, Li D, Mu D. Levels, seasonal variations and sources of organochlorine pesticides in ambient air of Guangzhou, China. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42:677-87.

89. Li H, Feng J, Sheng G, et al. The PCDD/F and PBDD/F pollution in the ambient atmosphere of Shanghai, China. Chemosphere 2008;70:576-83.

90. POPs GMP data visualization and analysis. Stockholm convention-global monitoring plan for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Available from: https://www.pops-gmp.org/index.php?pg=background [Last accessed on 6 May 2022].

91. Šebková K, Borůvková J, Přibylová P, et al. Global monitoring plan for persistent organic pollutants. Under the stockholm convention article 16 on effectiveness evaluation. Second regional monitoring report. Central and Eastern European (CEE) and Central Asian Region. Available from: file:///D:/UNEP-POPS-GMP-RMR-CEE-2015.English.pdf [Last accessed on 6 May 2022].

92. UNEP. Regionally based assessment of persistent toxic substances: Mediterranean regional report/United Nations environment programme, chemicals; global environment facility. Available from: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/487298/files/mediterranean-report.pdf [Last accessed on 6 May 2022].

93. Kirchner M, Jakobi G, Körner W, et al. Ambient air levels of organochlorine pesticides at three high alpine monitoring stations: trends and dependencies on geographical origin. Aerosol Air Qual Res 2016;16:738-51.

94. Adu-Kumi S, Kareš R, Literák J, et al. Levels and seasonal variations of organochlorine pesticides in urban and rural background air of southern Ghana. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2012;19:1963-70.

95. Aliyeva G, Kurkova R, Hovorkova I, Klánová J, Halsall C. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in air and soil across Azerbaijan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2012;19:1953-62.

96. Radonic J, Sekulic MT, Miloradov MV, Cupr P, Klánová J. Gas-particle partitioning of persistent organic pollutants in the Western Balkan countries affected by war conflicts. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2009;16:65-72.

97. Wang X, Kennedy K, Powell J, et al. Spatial distribution of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Australia’s atmosphere. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2015;17:525-32.

98. Zhan L, Lin T, Wang Z, et al. Occurrence and air-soil exchange of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls at a CAWNET background site in central China: Implications for influencing factors and fate. Chemosphere 2017;186:475-87.

99. Daly GL, Lei YD, Teixeira C, Muir DC, Wania F. Pesticides in western Canadian mountain air and soil. Environ Sci Technol 2007;41:6020-5.

100. Liu J, Wang H, Song S, et al. Levels, potential sources and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in atmospheric particulate matter at regional background site. Aerosol Air Qual Res 2019;19:2008-16.

101. Pozo K, Palmeri M, Palmeri V, et al. Assessing persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Sicily Island atmosphere, Mediterranean, using PUF disk passive air samplers. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016;23:20796-804.

102. Pegoraro CN, Wannaz ED. Occurrence of persistent organic pollutants in air at different sites in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019;26:18379-91.

103. Estallano VH, Pozo K, Harner T, Franken M, Zaballa M. Altitudinal and seasonal variations of persistent organic pollutants in the Bolivian Andes Mountains. Environ Sci Technol 2008;42:2528-34.

104. Xiao H, Kang S, Zhang Q, et al. Transport of semivolatile organic compounds to the Tibetan Plateau: Monthly resolved air concentrations at Nam Co. J Geophys Res 2010:115.

105. Motelay-Massei A, Harner T, Shoeib M, Diamond M, Stern G, Rosenberg B. Using passive air samplers to assess urban-rural trends for persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 2. Seasonal trends for PAHs, PCBs, and organochlorine pesticides. Environ Sci Technol 2005;39:5763-73.

106. Liu D, Xu Y, Li J, et al. Organochlorinated compounds in the air at NAEO, an eastern background site in China: long-range atmospheric transport versus local sources. Aerosol Air Qual Res 2014;14:1258-68.

107. Street ME, Angelini S, Bernasconi S, et al. Current knowledge on endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from animal biology to humans, from pregnancy to adulthood: highlights from a national Italian meeting. Int J Mol Sci 2018;19:1647.

108. J; Australian Rural Health Research Collaboration. DDT and human health. Sci Total Environ 2006;355:78-89.

109. Guida Y, Carvalho GO, Capella R, et al. Atmospheric occurrence of organochlorine pesticides and inhalation cancer risk in urban areas at Southeast Brazil. Environ Pollut 2021;271:116359.

110. USEPA. Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2013-09/documents/cancer_guidelines_final_3-25-05.pdf [Last accessed on 6 May 2022].

111. Schuster JK, Harner T, Eng A, et al. Tracking POPs in global air from the First 10 years of the GAPS network (2005 to 2014). Environ Sci Technol 2021;55:9479-88.

Journal of Environmental Exposure Assessment
ISSN 2771-5949 (Online)

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/