REFERENCES
1. Wang, T.; Zou, X.; Li, B.; et al. Preliminary study of the source apportionment and diversity of microplastics: Taking floating microplastics in the South China Sea as an example. Environ. Pollut. 2019, 245, 965-74.
2. Jiang, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, X.; Yang, F.; Chen, M.; Wang, J. Characterization of microplastics in the surface seawater of the South Yellow Sea as affected by season. Sci. Total. Environ. 2020, 724, 138375.
3. Wang, X.; Zhu, L.; Liu, K.; Li, D. Prevalence of microplastic fibers in the marginal sea water column off southeast China. Sci. Total. Environ. 2022, 804, 150138.
4. Prarat, P.; Hongsawat, P. Microplastic pollution in surface seawater and beach sand from the shore of Rayong province, Thailand: Distribution, characterization, and ecological risk assessment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2022, 174, 113200.
5. Kanhai, D. K.; Officer, R.; Lyashevska, O.; Thompson, R. C.; O’Connor, I. Microplastic abundance, distribution and composition along a latitudinal gradient in the Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2017, 115, 307-14.
6. Pan, Z.; Liu, Q.; Sun, X.; et al. Widespread occurrence of microplastic pollution in open sea surface waters: evidence from the mid-North Pacific Ocean. Gondwana. Res. 2022, 108, 31-40.
7. Hu, L.; Chernick, M.; Hinton, D. E.; Shi, H. Microplastics in small waterbodies and tadpoles from Yangtze River Delta, China. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 8885-93.
8. Kabir, A. H. M. E.; Sekine, M.; Imai, T.; Yamamoto, K.; Kanno, A.; Higuchi, T. Assessing small-scale freshwater microplastics pollution, land-use, source-to-sink conduits, and pollution risks: perspectives from Japanese rivers polluted with microplastics. Sci. Total. Environ. 2021, 768, 144655.
9. Napper, I. E.; Baroth, A.; Barrett, A. C.; et al. The abundance and characteristics of microplastics in surface water in the transboundary Ganges River. Environ. Pollut. 2021, 274, 116348.
10. Chinfak, N.; Sompongchaiyakul, P.; Charoenpong, C.; Shi, H.; Yeemin, T.; Zhang, J. Abundance, composition, and fate of microplastics in water, sediment, and shellfish in the Tapi-Phumduang River system and Bandon Bay, Thailand. Sci. Total. Environ. 2021, 781, 146700.
11. Suaria, G.; Achtypi, A.; Perold, V.; et al. Microfibers in oceanic surface waters: a global characterization. Sci. Adv. 2020, 6, eaay8493.
12. Qiao, R.; Deng, Y.; Zhang, S.; et al. Accumulation of different shapes of microplastics initiates intestinal injury and gut microbiota dysbiosis in the gut of zebrafish. Chemosphere 2019, 236, 124334.
13. Zhang, D.; Cui, Y.; Zhou, H.; et al. Microplastic pollution in water, sediment, and fish from artificial reefs around the Ma’an Archipelago, Shengsi, China. Sci. Total. Environ. 2020, 703, 134768.
14. Jemec, A.; Horvat, P.; Kunej, U.; Bele, M.; Kržan, A. Uptake and effects of microplastic textile fibers on freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. Environ. Pollut. 2016, 219, 201-9.
15. Cheng, H.; Feng, Y.; Duan, Z.; et al. Toxicities of microplastic fibers and granules on the development of zebrafish embryos and their combined effects with cadmium. Chemosphere 2021, 269, 128677.
16. Jabeen, K.; Li, B.; Chen, Q.; et al. Effects of virgin microplastics on goldfish (Carassius auratus). Chemosphere 2018, 213, 323-32.
17. Sørensen, L.; Groven, A. S.; Hovsbakken, I. A.; et al. UV degradation of natural and synthetic microfibers causes fragmentation and release of polymer degradation products and chemical additives. Sci. Total. Environ. 2021, 755, 143170.
18. Wang, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Wangjin, X.; Wang, Y.; Meng, G.; Chen, Y. The adsorption behavior of metals in aqueous solution by microplastics effected by UV radiation. J. Environ. Sci. 2020, 87, 272-80.
19. Liu, G.; Zhu, Z.; Yang, Y.; Sun, Y.; Yu, F.; Ma, J. Sorption behavior and mechanism of hydrophilic organic chemicals to virgin and aged microplastics in freshwater and seawater. Environ. Pollut. 2019, 246, 26-33.
20. Sharma, M. D.; Krupadam, R. J. Adsorption-desorption dynamics of synthetic and naturally weathered microfibers with toxic heavy metals and their ecological risk in an estuarine ecosystem. Environ. Res. 2022, 207, 112198.
21. He, W.; Liu, S.; Zhang, W.; et al. Recent advances on microplastic aging: identification, mechanism, influence factors, and additives release. Sci. Total. Environ. 2023, 889, 164035.
22. Zhu, K.; Sun, Y.; Jiang, W.; et al. Inorganic anions influenced the photoaging kinetics and mechanism of polystyrene microplastic under the simulated sunlight: role of reactive radical species. Water. Res. 2022, 216, 118294.
23. Deng, Y.; Zhu, K.; Sun, Y.; et al. Aging kinetics and mechanisms of polystyrene microplastic in water under sunlight irradiation: effects of inorganic cations. Gondwana. Research. 2024, 129, 193-200.
24. Wu, X.; Liu, P.; Gong, Z.; et al. Humic acid and fulvic acid hinder long-term weathering of microplastics in lake water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2021, 55, 15810-20.
25. Huang, W.; Jiang, G.; Xie, L.; Chen, X.; Zhang, R.; Fan, X. Effect of oxygen-containing functional groups on the micromechanical behavior of biodegradable plastics and their formation of microplastics during aging. J. Hazard. Mater. 2024, 463, 132911.
26. Aljoumaa, K.; Abboudi, M. Physical ageing of polyethylene terephthalate under natural sunlight: correlation study between crystallinity and mechanical properties. Appl. Phys. A. 2015, 122, 6.
27. Phan, S.; Padilla-gamiño, J. L.; Luscombe, C. K. The effect of weathering environments on microplastic chemical identification with Raman and IR spectroscopy: Part I. polyethylene and polypropylene. Polym. Test. 2022, 116, 107752.
28. Cai, L.; Wang, J.; Peng, J.; Wu, Z.; Tan, X. Observation of the degradation of three types of plastic pellets exposed to UV irradiation in three different environments. Sci. Total. Environ. 2018, 628-629, 740-7.
29. Hurley, C. R.; Leggett, G. J. Quantitative investigation of the photodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate film by friction force microscopy, contact-angle goniometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ACS. Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2009, 1, 1688-97.
30. Bai, X.; Li, F.; Ma, L.; Li, C. Weathering of geotextiles under ultraviolet exposure: a neglected source of microfibers from coastal reclamation. Sci. Total. Environ. 2022, 804, 150168.
31. Wang, Z.; Xue, L.; Zhang, Y.; et al. Ubiquitous photoaging of microplastics: potential challenges to air flotation. J. Water. Process. Eng. 2025, 75, 107953.
32. Li, F.; Zhai, X.; Yao, M.; Bai, X. An inevitable but underestimated photoaging behavior of plastic waste in the aquatic environment: critical role of nitrate. Environ. Pollut. 2022, 314, 120307.
33. Duan, J.; Zheng, D.; Wu, Y.; Sleiman, M.; Dong, W. Photoaging of terrestrial plastic pollution: a process affected by precipitation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2025, 59, 4652-62.
34. Sun, A.; Wang, W. X. Photodegradation controls of potential toxicity of secondary sunscreen-derived microplastics and associated leachates. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2025, 59, 5223-36.
35. Tong, J.; He, S.; Huang, X.; et al. The fate, impacts and potential risks of photoaging process of the microplastics in the aqueous environment. J. Contam. Hydrol. 2025, 275, 104699.
36. Duan, L.; Qin, Y.; Meng, X.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, T.; Chen, W. Sulfide- and UV-induced aging differentially affect contaminant-binding properties of microplastics derived from commercial plastic products. Sci. Total. Environ. 2023, 869, 161800.
37. Zhou, S.; Zhang, W.; Sun, J.; et al. Oxidation mechanisms of the UV/free chlorine process: kinetic modeling and quantitative structure activity relationships. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, 53, 4335-45.
38. Shi, Y.; Zheng, L.; Huang, H.; et al. Formation of nano- and microplastics and dissolved chemicals during photodegradation of polyester base fabrics with polyurethane coating. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2023, 57, 1894-906.
39. Cao, Y.; Liu, Y.; Guo, K.; He, W.; Hur, J.; Guo, H. Molecular characteristics and plastic additives in dissolved organic matter derived from polystyrene microplastics: effects of cumulative irradiation and microplastic concentrations. Water. Res. 2025, 282, 123641.
40. Peng, S.; Li, L.; Wei, D.; et al. Releasing characteristics of toxic chemicals from polystyrene microplastics in the aqueous environment during photoaging process. Water. Res. 2024, 258, 121768.
41. Li, L.; Guo, Z.; Guo, X.; et al. Phanerochaete chrysosporium hyphae bio-crack, endocytose and metabolize plastic films. J. Hazard. Mater. 2025, 487, 137154.
42. Kang, Y. M.; Kim, M. K.; Zoh, K. D. Effect of nitrate, carbonate/bicarbonate, humic acid, and H2O2 on the kinetics and degradation mechanism of Bisphenol-A during UV photolysis. Chemosphere 2018, 204, 148-55.
43. Zhang, X.; Li, J.; Fan, W. Y.; Sheng, G. P. Photomineralization of effluent organic phosphorus to orthophosphate under simulated light illumination. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, 53, 4997-5004.
44. Ma, W.; He, J.; Han, L.; et al. Hydrophilic fraction of dissolved organic matter largely facilitated microplastics photoaging: insights from redox properties and reactive oxygen species. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2024, 58, 11625-36.
