REFERENCES
1. Thacker S, Pant R, Hall JW. System-of-systems formulation and disruption analysis for multi-scale critical national infrastructures. Reliability Engineering & System Safety 2017;167:30-41.
2. Tai K, Kizhakkedath A, Lin J, et al. Identifying extreme risks in critical infrastructure interdependencies. In: Campbell P, Perez P, editors. Proceedings of the International Symposium of Next Generation Infrastructure, 2013 Oct 1-4 .
3. Bronger D. Megastädte. Geographische Rundschau 1996;48:74-81.
4. Central Intelligence Agency. The CIA world factbook 2018 United States: Skyhorse; 2018.
5. Report of the energy system review committee. Availible from: https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/pdfdoc/20050317987.htm [Last accessed on 6 Dec 2021].
6. NSCS. Pick & Ponder Singapore: NSCS; 2017.
7. CNA. Blackouts hit multiple estates across Singapore; power restored to all areas, says SP Group, in Channel News Asia 2018: Singapore. Availible from: https://news.nestia.com/detail/-/301962 [Last accessed on 6 Dec 2021].
8. EMA. Piped Natural Gas and Liquefied Natural Gas. Available from: https://www.ema.gov.sg/Piped_Natural_Gas_and_Liquefied_Natural_Gas.aspx [Last accessed on 6 Dec 2021].
9. Demissie A, Zhu W, Belachew CT. A multi-objective optimization model for gas pipeline operations. Comput Chem Eng 2017;100:94-103.
10. Babonneau F, Nesterov Y, Vial J. Design and operations of gas transmission networks. Oper Res 2012;60:34-47.
11. Üster H, Dilaveroğlu Ş. Optimization for design and operation of natural gas transmission networks. Appl Energy 2014;133:56-69.
12. Arya AK, Honwad S. Multiobjective optimization of a gas pipeline network: an ant colony approach. J Petrol Explor Prod Technol 2018;8:1389-400.
13. Ruan Y, Liu Q, Zhou W, et al. A procedure to design the mainline system in natural gas networks. Appl Math Model 2009;33:3040-51.
14. Ríos-mercado RZ, Kim S, Boyd EA. Efficient operation of natural gas transmission systems: a network-based heuristic for cyclic structures. Comput Chem Eng 2006;33:2323-51.
15. Kabirian A, Hemmati MR. A strategic planning model for natural gas transmission networks. Energy Policy 2007;35:5656-70.
16. Woldeyohannes AD, Majid MAA. Simulation model for natural gas transmission pipeline network system. Simul Model Pract Theory 2011;19:196-212.
17. Medjroubi W, Müller UP, Scharf M, Matke C, Kleinhans D. Open data in power grid modelling: new approaches towards transparent grid models. Energy Rep 2017;3:14-21.
18. Nardelli PH, Rubido N, Wang C, et al. Models for the modern power grid. Eur Phys J Spec Top 2014;223:2423-37.
19. Zhai C, Zhang H, Xiao G, et al. Modeling and identification of worst-case cascading failures in power systems. arXiv preprint arXiv 2017;1703.05232.
20. Zhai C, Zhang H, Xiao G, Pan TC. Comparing different models for investigating cascading failures in power systems. 2017 International Workshop on Complex Systems and Networks (IWCSN); 2017 Dec 8-10 Doha, Qatar: IEEE; 2017. pp. 230-6.
21. Zhang H, Zhai C, Xiao G, Pan T. Identifying critical risks of cascading failures in power systems. IET Gener Transm Distrib 2019;13:2438-45.
22. Zhai C, Nguyen HD, Xiao G. A robust optimization approach for protecting power systems against cascading blackouts. Electr Power Syst Res 2020;189:106794.
23. Zhai C, Xiao G, Meng M, Zhang H, Li B. Identification of catastrophic cascading failures in protected power grids using optimal control. J Energy Eng 2021;147:06020001.
24. Zhai C, Xiao G, Zhang H, Wang P, Pan T. Identifying disruptive contingencies for catastrophic cascading failures in power systems. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 2020;123:106214.
25. Zhai C, Zhang H, Xiao G, Pan T. A model predictive approach to protect power systems against cascading blackouts. Int J Crit Infrastruct 2019;113:310-21.
26. Li T, Eremia M, Shahidehpour M. Interdependency of natural gas network and power system security. IEEE Trans Power Syst 2008;23:1817-24.
27. Jenkins S, Annaswamy A, Hansen J, Knudsen J. A dynamic model of the combined electricity and natural gas markets. 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT); 2015 Feb 18-20 Washington, DC, USA: IEEE; 2015. pp. 1-5.
28. Muñoz Estrada J, Jiménez Redondo N, Pérez Ruiz J, Barquín Gil J. Natural gas network modeling for power systems reliability studies. 2003 IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings; 2003 Jun 23-26 Bologna, Italy: IEEE; 2003. p. 8.
29. Shahidehpour M, Yong Fu, Wiedman T. Impact of natural gas infrastructure on electric power systems. Proc IEEE 2005;93:1042-56.
30. Quelhas A, Gil E, Mccalley JD, Ryan SM. A multiperiod generalized network flow model of the U.S. integrated energy system: part I - model description. IEEE Trans Power Syst 2007;22:829-36.
31. Correa-posada CM, Sanchez-martin P. Integrated power and natural gas model for energy adequacy in short-term operation. IEEE Trans Power Syst 2015;30:3347-55.
32. Correa-posada CM, Sanchez-martin P. Security-constrained optimal power and natural-gas flow. IEEE Trans Power Syst 2014;29:1780-7.
33. Urbina M, Li Z. Modeling and analyzing the impact of interdependency between natural gas and electricity infrastructures. 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century; 2008 Jul 20-24 Pittsburgh, PA, USA: IEEE; 2008. pp. 1-6.
34. Jaworsky C, Spataru C, Turitsyn K. Vulnerability assessment for interdependent gas and electricity networks. 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences; 2015 Jan 5-8 Kauai, HI, USA: IEEE; 2015. pp. 2766-75.
35. Martinez-mares A, Fuerte-esquivel CR. A unified gas and power flow analysis in natural gas and electricity coupled networks. IEEE Trans Power Syst 2012;27:2156-66.
36. Martínez-Mares A, Fuerte-Esquivel C R, de Ingeniería I. Integrated energy flow analysis in natural gas and electricity coupled systems. 2011 North American Power Symposium; 2011 Aug 4-6 Boston, MA, USA: IEEE; 2011. pp. 1-7.
37. Ramsebner J, Haas R, Ajanovic A, Wietschel M. The sector coupling concept: a critical review. WIREs Energy Environ 2021;10.
38. EMA. Gas Network Code. Singapore: Energy Market Authority of Singapore. Availible from: https://www.ema.gov.sg/Gas_Network_Code.aspx [Last accessed on 6 Dec 2021].
39. Grigg C. The IEEE reliability test system 1996. Proceeding of IEEE PES Winter Power Meeting 1996:1010-20.
40. Lin J, Tai K, Tiong RLK, Sim MS. Analyzing impact on critical infrastructure using input-output interdependency model: case studies. ASCE ASME J Risk Uncertain Eng Syst A Civ Eng 2017;3:04017016.
41. Jiwei L, Kang T, Kong RTL, Sim MS. Modelling critical infrastructure network interdependencies and failure. Int J Crit Infrastruct 2019;15:1-23.
42. Lin J, Tai K, Tiong RLK, Sim MS. A general framework for critical infrastructure interdependencies modeling using economic input-output model and network analysis. In: Cardin M, Fong SH, Krob D, Lui PC, Tan YH, editors. Complex Systems Design & Management Asia Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. pp. 59-74.
43. Lin J, Tai K, Tiong RLK, Sim MS. Vulnerability analysis for multiple critical infrastructure sectors using interdependencies modeling and network analysis. APSSRA 2016 6th Asian-Pacific Symposium on Structural Reliability and its Applications; 2016 May 28-30 .
44. Mousavi OA, Sanjari MJ, Gharehpetian GB, Naghizadeh R. A simple and unified method to model HVDC links and FACTS devices in DC load flow. Simulation 2009;85:101-9.
45. Yan J, Tang Y, He H, Sun Y. Cascading failure analysis with DC power flow model and transient stability analysis. IEEE Trans Power Syst 2015;30:285-97.
46. Singapore Department of Statistics, Singapore supply, use and input-output tables 2014. Singapore: Singapore Department of Statistics; 2018.
47. Miller RE, Blair PD. Input-output analysis: foundations and extensions. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2009.