REFERENCES

1. Liu, Q.; Wu, L.; Jackstell, R.; Beller, M. Using carbon dioxide as a building block in organic synthesis. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 5933.

2. Tortajada, A.; Juliá-Hernández, F.; Börjesson, M.; Moragas, T.; Martin, R. Transition-metal-catalyzed carboxylation reactions with carbon dioxide. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2018, 57, 15948-82.

3. Yu, Z.; Shi, M. Recent advances in the electrochemically mediated chemical transformation of carbon dioxide. Chem. Commun. 2022, 58, 13539-55.

4. Jia, S.; Dong, M.; Zhu, Q.; Kang, X.; Wu, H.; Han, B. Electrochemical conversion of CO₂ via C–X bond formation: recent progress and perspective. Chem. Synth. 2024, 4, 60.

5. Sun, G. Q.; Liao, L. L.; Ran, C. K.; Ye, J. H.; Yu, D. G. Recent advances in electrochemical carboxylation with CO₂. Acc. Chem. Res. 2024, 57, 2728-45.

6. Qiu, L. Q.; Li, H. R.; He, L. N. Incorporating catalytic units into nanomaterials: rational design of multipurpose catalysts for CO₂ valorization. Acc. Chem. Res. 2023, 56, 2225-40.

7. Chang, X.; Wang, T.; Yang, P.; Zhang, G.; Gong, J. The development of cocatalysts for photoelectrochemical CO₂ reduction. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, e1804710.

8. O’Brien, C. P.; Miao, R. K.; Shayesteh, Zeraati. A.; Lee, G.; Sargent, E. H.; Sinton, D. CO₂ electrolyzers. Chem. Rev. 2024, 124, 3648-93.

9. Senboku, H. Electrochemical fixation of carbon dioxide: synthesis of carboxylic acids. Chem. Rec. 2021, 21, 2354-74.

10. Wang, Q.; Wang, Y.; Liu, M.; Chu, G.; Qiu, Y. Recent advances in photochemical/electrochemical carboxylation of olefins with CO₂. Chin. J. Chem. 2024, 42, 2249-66.

11. Liu, X.; Zhang, K.; Tao, L.; Lu, X.; Zhang, W. Recent advances in electrochemical carboxylation reactions using carbon dioxide. Green. Chem. Eng. 2022, 3, 125-37.

12. Kim, Y.; Park, G. D.; Balamurugan, M.; Seo, J.; Min, B. K.; Nam, K. T. Electrochemical β-selective hydrocarboxylation of styrene using CO₂ and water. Adv. Sci. 2020, 7, 1900137.

13. Alkayal, A.; Tabas, V.; Montanaro, S.; Wright, I. A.; Malkov, A. V.; Buckley, B. R. Harnessing applied potential: selective β-hydrocarboxylation of substituted olefins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 1780-5.

14. Xie, P.; Shi, A.; Qiu, Y. Electrochemical β-selective silylcarboxylation of styrenes with CO₂. Sci. Bull. 2025, 70, 2411-5.

15. Bazzi, S.; Hu, L.; Schulz, E.; Mellah, M. Electrogenerated Sm(II)-catalyzed carbon dioxide reduction for β-hydrocarboxylation of styrenes. Organometallics 2023, 42, 1425-31.

16. Zhang, Y.; Zhao, X.; Qing, G. Electrochemical-induced hydrofunctionalizations of alkenes and alkynes. Chem. Synth. 2024, 4, 16.

17. Alektiar, S. N.; Han, J.; Dang, Y.; Rubel, C. Z.; Wickens, Z. K. Radical hydrocarboxylation of unactivated alkenes via photocatalytic formate activation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023, 145, 10991-7.

18. Dong, M.; Jia, S.; Chen, X.; et al. Cathode-induced C-H bond heterolysis for olefin isomerization and applications in electrocarboxylation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2025, 147, 19976-85.

19. Dong, M.; Chen, H.; Liu, J.; et al. Electrocatalytic migratory carboxylation of unactivated olefins or halides with CO₂. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2026, 65, e18160.

20. He, R. D.; Lu, Y. Proximal and remote hydrocarboxylation of alkenes with carbon dioxide enabled by nickel-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2025, 64, e202424790.