fig6

Figure 6. (A) Diagram illustrating and comparing various Nb-based photocatalysts; (B) UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra for the as-synthesized Nb-based photocatalysts; (C) Transient photocurrent response spectra for the as-prepared Nb-based photocatalysts. Reprinted with permission, Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society^[162]; (D) Diagram showing the photocatalytic oxidation of toluene over F-doped PCN photocatalysts; (E) Band-edge positions of both F-doped and pristine PCN relative to SHE; (F) Structure of toluene adsorbed onto pristine PCN, with E_ads representing the toluene adsorption energy; (G) Structure of toluene adsorbed onto F-codoped PCN, with E_ads representing toluene adsorption energy. Reproduced with permission, Copyright 2023, Elsevier^[163]. UV-vis: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy; PCN: polymeric carbon nitride; SHE: standard hydrogen electrode.