scheme1

Scheme 1. Schematic illustrations for design strategy of fast-charging sodium-ion batteries. The synthesized atomic-layer level SnS₂ anodes generated ultra-thin and NaF, Na₂CO₃-rich SEI in ester electrolyte (6 nm, Cryo-TEM), achieving fast Na⁺ transfer at the interface, simultaneously collaborating with efficient carrier transport in the bulk phase enables it can be used as fast-charging anode of sodium-ion batteries Scheme 1. Schematic illustrations for design strategy of fast-charging SIBs. The synthesized atomic-layer level SnS₂ anodes generated ultra-thin and NaF, Na₂CO₃-rich SEI in ester electrolyte (6 nm, Cryo-TEM), achieving fast Na⁺ transfer at the interface, simultaneously collaborating with efficient carrier transport in the bulk phase enables it can be used as fast-charging anode of SIBs. SEI: Solid-electrolyte interphase; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; SIBs: sodium-ion batteries.