fig4

Figure 4. (A) The fabricating process of COF membranes with the AA stacking mode; (B) The vinylene-bridged COF thin films via an interfacial synthesis; (C) SAIP and IP strategies for the synthesis of COF membranes; (D) Interface synthesis diagram and chemical structures of CMP membranes. (A) Adapted with permission^[90]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier. (B) Adapted with permission^[91]. Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society. (C) Adapted with permission^[92]. Copyright 2024, Elsevier. (D) Adapted with permission^[93]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. COF: Covalent organic framework; SAIP: surfactant-assisted interfacial polymerization; IP: interfacial polymerization; CMP: conjugated microporous polymer.