fig5
Figure 5. (A) TEM images of three fresh catalysts: (a) Ru/ZSM-5C; (b) Ru/ZSM-5S; (c) Ru/ZSM-5M. (B) TEM images of the cycled catalysts: (a) Ru/ZSM-5C; (b) Ru/ZSM-5S; (c) Ru/ZSM-5M. (C) Recycling results for Ru/ZSM-5 catalysts in the hydrogenation of LA. Black: LA conversion and red: GVL yield. Reproduced with permission[45]. Copyright John Wiley and Sons. TEM: Transmission electron microscopy; LA: levulinic acid; GVL: γ-valerolactone.
