REFERENCES

1. Johnson, N. B.; Lennon, I. C.; Moran, P. H.; Ramsden, J. A. Industrial-scale synthesis and applications of asymmetric hydrogenation catalysts. Acc. Chem. Res. 2007, 40, 1291-9.

2. Crespo-Quesada, M.; Cárdenas-Lizana, F.; Dessimoz, A.; Kiwi-Minsker, L. Modern trends in catalyst and process design for alkyne hydrogenations. ACS. Catal. 2012, 2, 1773-86.

3. Fürstner, A. trans-Hydrogenation, gem-hydrogenation, and trans-hydrometalation of alkynes: an interim report on an unorthodox reactivity paradigm. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 11-24.

4. Decker, D.; Drexler, H.; Heller, D.; Beweries, T. Homogeneous catalytic transfer semihydrogenation of alkynes - an overview of hydrogen sources, catalysts and reaction mechanisms. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2020, 10, 6449-63.

5. Klingler, F. D. Asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral amino ketones to amino alcohols for pharmaceutical use. Acc. Chem. Res. 2007, 40, 1367-76.

6. Patel, R. N. Biocatalytic synthesis of chiral alcohols and amino acids for development of pharmaceuticals. Biomolecules 2013, 3, 741-77.

7. Koesoema, A. A.; Standley, D. M.; Senda, T.; Matsuda, T. Impact and relevance of alcohol dehydrogenase enantioselectivities on biotechnological applications. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2020, 104, 2897-909.

8. Lindlar, H.; Dubuis, R. Palladium catalyst for partical reduction of acetylenes. Org. Synth. 1966, 46, 89.

9. Ohkuma, T.; Ooka, H.; Ikariya, T.; Noyori, R. Preferential hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 10417-8.

10. Noyori, R.; Ohkuma, T. Asymmetric catalysis by architectural and functional molecular engineering: practical chemo- and stereoselective hydrogenation of ketones. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 40-73.

11. Morris, R. H. Asymmetric hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation and hydrosilylation of ketones catalyzed by iron complexes. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38, 2282-91.

12. Langer, R.; Leitus, G.; Ben-David, Y.; Milstein, D. Efficient hydrogenation of ketones catalyzed by an iron pincer complex. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2011, 50, 2120-4.

13. Li, Y. Y.; Yu, S. L.; Shen, W. Y.; Gao, J. X. Iron-, cobalt-, and nickel-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation and asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones. Acc. Chem. Res. 2015, 48, 2587-98.

14. Lan, X.; Wang, T. Highly selective catalysts for the hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes: a review. ACS. Catal. 2020, 10, 2764-90.

15. Luneau, M.; Lim, J. S.; Patel, D. A.; Sykes, E. C. H.; Friend, C. M.; Sautet, P. Guidelines to achieving high selectivity for the hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with bimetallic and dilute alloy catalysts: a review. Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 12834-72.

16. Zhang, F.; Zhang, F.; Li, M.; Xie, J.; Zhou, Q. Enantioselective hydrogenation of dialkyl ketones. Nat. Catal. 2020, 3, 621-7.

17. Wu, X.; Li, X.; Zanotti-Gerosa, A.; et al. RhIII- and IrIII-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones in water. Chemistry 2008, 14, 2209-22.

18. He, Y.; Fan, Q. Advances in transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds in water. ChemCatChem 2015, 7, 398-400.

19. Foubelo, F.; Nájera, C.; Yus, M. Catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones: recent advances. Tetrahedron. Asymmetr. 2015, 26, 769-90.

20. Štefane, B.; Požgan, F. Metal-catalysed transfer hydrogenation of ketones. Top. Curr. Chem. 2016, 374, 18.

21. Farrar-Tobar, R. A.; Dell’acqua, A.; Tin, S.; de Vries, J. G. Metal-catalysed selective transfer hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to allylic alcohols. Green. Chem. 2020, 22, 3323-57.

22. Nie, R.; Tao, Y.; Nie, Y.; et al. Recent advances in catalytic transfer hydrogenation with formic acid over heterogeneous transition metal catalysts. ACS. Catal. 2021, 11, 1071-95.

23. Wagh, Y. S.; Asao, N. Selective transfer semihydrogenation of alkynes with nanoporous gold catalysts. J. Org. Chem. 2015, 80, 847-51.

24. Kusy, R.; Lindner, M.; Wagner, J.; Grela, K. Ligand-to-metal ratio controls stereoselectivity: highly functional-group-tolerant, iridium-based, (E)-selective alkyne transfer semihydrogenation. Chem. Catal. 2022, 2, 1346-61.

25. Ghosh, T.; Slanina, T.; König, B. Visible light photocatalytic reduction of aldehydes by Rh(III)-H: a detailed mechanistic study. Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 2027-34.

26. Tian, W. F.; He, Y. Q.; Song, X. R.; et al. cis-Selective transfer semihydrogenation of alkynes by merging visible-light catalysis with cobalt catalysis. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2020, 362, 1032-8.

27. Cho, B. T. Recent development and improvement for boron hydride-based catalytic asymmetric reduction of unsymmetrical ketones. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38, 443-52.

28. Query, I. P.; Squier, P. A.; Larson, E. M.; Isley, N. A.; Clark, T. B. Alkoxide-catalyzed reduction of ketones with pinacolborane. J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 6452-6.

29. Magano, J.; Dunetz, J. R. Large-scale carbonyl reductions in the pharmaceutical industry. Org. Process. Res. Dev. 2012, 16, 1156-84.

30. Chakraborty, S.; Bhattacharya, P.; Dai, H.; Guan, H. Nickel and iron pincer complexes as catalysts for the reduction of carbonyl compounds. Acc. Chem. Res. 2015, 48, 1995-2003.

31. Xi, Z. W.; Yang, L.; Wang, D. Y.; et al. Visible light induced reduction and pinacol coupling of aldehydes and ketones catalyzed by core/shell quantum dots. J. Org. Chem. 2021, 86, 2474-88.

32. Spiegel, D. A.; Wiberg, K. B.; Schacherer, L. N.; Medeiros, M. R.; Wood, J. L. Deoxygenation of alcohols employing water as the hydrogen atom source. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 12513-5.

33. Kolmar, S. S.; Mayer, J. M. SmI2(H2O)n reduction of electron rich enamines by proton-coupled electron transfer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 10687-92.

34. Soulard, V.; Villa, G.; Vollmar, D. P.; Renaud, P. Radical deuteration with D2O: catalysis and mechanistic insights. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 155-8.

35. Yang, X.; Reijerse, E. J.; Bhattacharyya, K.; et al. Radical activation of N-H and O-H bonds at bismuth(II). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 16535-44.

36. Zhang, X.; Xie, X.; Liu, Y. Nickel-catalyzed highly regioselective hydrocyanation of terminal alkynes with Zn(CN)2 using water as the hydrogen source. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 7385-9.

37. Paradas, M.; Campaña, A. G.; Jiménez, T.; et al. Understanding the exceptional hydrogen-atom donor characteristics of water in TiIII-mediated free-radical chemistry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 12748-56.

38. Kondo, M.; Tatewaki, H.; Masaoka, S. Design of molecular water oxidation catalysts with earth-abundant metal ions. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2021, 50, 6790-831.

39. Boekell, N. G.; Flowers, R. A. Coordination-induced bond weakening. Chem. Rev. 2022, 122, 13447-77.

40. Zhang, J.; Mück-Lichtenfeld, C.; Studer, A. Photocatalytic phosphine-mediated water activation for radical hydrogenation. Nature 2023, 619, 506-13.

41. Barber, E. R.; Hynds, H. M.; Stephens, C. P.; Lemons, H. E.; Fredrickson, E. T.; Wilger, D. J. Nickel-catalyzed hydroarylation of alkynes under reductive conditions with aryl bromides and water. J. Org. Chem. 2019, 84, 11612-22.

42. Wang, Y.; Cao, X.; Zhao, L.; et al. Generalized chemoselective transfer hydrogenation/hydrodeuteration. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2020, 362, 4119-29.

43. Li, K.; Yang, C.; Chen, J.; et al. Anion controlled stereodivergent semi-hydrogenation of alkynes using water as hydrogen source. Asian. J. Org. Chem. 2021, 10, 2143-6.

44. Li, X.; Li, Y.; Wang, Z.; et al. Nickel-catalyzed stereoselective cascade C–F functionalizations of gem-difluoroalkenes. ACS. Catal. 2023, 13, 2135-41.

45. Wu, Y.; Ao, Y.; Li, Z.; et al. Modulation of metal species as control point for Ni-catalyzed stereodivergent semihydrogenation of alkynes with water. Nat. Commun. 2023, 14, 1655.

46. Paradas, M.; Campaña, A. G.; Marcos, M. L.; et al. Unprecedented H-atom transfer from water to ketyl radicals mediated by Cp2TiCl. Dalton. Trans. 2010, 39, 8796-800.

47. Szostak, M.; Spain, M.; Procter, D. J. Ketyl-type radicals from cyclic and acyclic esters are stabilized by SmI2(H2O)n: the role of SmI2(H2O)n in post-electron transfer steps. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 8459-66.

48. Chciuk, T. V.; Flowers, R. A. Proton-coupled electron transfer in the reduction of arenes by SmI2-water complexes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 11526-31.

49. Xuan, Q.; Zhao, C.; Song, Q. Umpolung of protons from H2O: a metal-free chemoselective reduction of carbonyl compounds via B2pin2/H2O systems. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2017, 15, 5140-4.

50. Cummings, S. P.; Le, T. N.; Fernandez, G. E.; Quiambao, L. G.; Stokes, B. J. Tetrahydroxydiboron-mediated palladium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation and deuteriation of alkenes and alkynes using water as the stoichiometric H or D atom donor. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 6107-10.

51. Ojha, D. P.; Gadde, K.; Prabhu, K. R. Generation of hydrogen from water: a Pd-catalyzed reduction of water using diboron reagent at ambient conditions. Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 5062-5.

52. Han, X.; Hu, J.; Chen, C.; Yuan, Y.; Shi, Z. Copper-catalysed, diboron-mediated cis-dideuterated semihydrogenation of alkynes with heavy water. Chem. Commun. 2019, 55, 6922-5.

53. Zhao, C. Q.; Chen, Y. G.; Qiu, H.; Wei, L.; Fang, P.; Mei, T. S. Water as a hydrogenating agent: stereodivergent Pd-catalyzed semihydrogenation of alkynes. Org. Lett. 2019, 21, 1412-6.

54. Chen, K.; Zhu, H.; Li, Y.; Peng, Q.; Guo, Y.; Wang, X. Dinuclear cobalt complex-catalyzed stereodivergent semireduction of alkynes: switchable selectivities controlled by H2O. ACS. Catal. 2021, 11, 13696-705.

55. Li, G.; Jiang, H.; Li, J. Use of water as a direct hydrogen donor in supercritical carbon dioxide: a novel and efficient Zn-H2O-CO2 system for selective reduction of aldehydes to alcohols. Green. Chem. 2001, 3, 250-1.

56. Flinker, M.; Yin, H.; Juhl, R. W.; et al. Efficient water reduction with sp3-sp3 Diboron(4) compounds: application to hydrogenations, H-D exchange reactions, and carbonyl reductions. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2017, 56, 15910-5.

57. Mokhtar, M. M.; Andersen, J. M.; Kister, E. A.; et al. A mechanistic perspective on the mechanochemical method to reduce carbonyl groups with stainless steel and water. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2023, 26, e202300149.

58. Zhu, N.; Su, M.; Wan, W. M.; Li, Y.; Bao, H. Practical method for reductive deuteration of ketones with magnesium and D2O. Org. Lett. 2020, 22, 991-6.

59. Bach, T.; Hehn, J. P. Photochemical reactions as key steps in natural product synthesis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2011, 50, 1000-45.

60. Lang, X.; Chen, X.; Zhao, J. Heterogeneous visible light photocatalysis for selective organic transformations. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 473-86.

61. Buzzetti, L.; Crisenza, G. E. M.; Melchiorre, P. Mechanistic studies in photocatalysis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2019, 58, 3730-47.

62. Zhao, E.; Zhang, W.; Dong, L.; Zbořil, R.; Chen, Z. Photocatalytic transfer hydrogenation reactions using water as the proton source. ACS. Catal. 2023, 13, 7557-67.

63. Russo, C.; Brunelli, F.; Tron, G. C.; Giustiniano, M. Visible-light photoredox catalysis in water. J. Org. Chem. 2023, 88, 6284-93.

64. Warren, J. J.; Tronic, T. A.; Mayer, J. M. Thermochemistry of proton-coupled electron transfer reagents and its implications. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6961-7001.

65. Agarwal, R. G.; Coste, S. C.; Groff, B. D.; et al. Free energies of proton-coupled electron transfer reagents and their applications. Chem. Rev. 2022, 122, 1-49.

66. Chciuk, T. V.; Anderson, W. R. J.; Flowers, R. A. Proton-coupled electron transfer in the reduction of carbonyls by samarium diiodide-water complexes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 8738-41.

67. Chciuk, T. V.; Anderson, W. R. J.; Flowers, R. A. Interplay between substrate and proton donor coordination in reductions of carbonyls by SmI2-water through proton-coupled electron-transfer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 15342-52.

68. Bartulovich, C. O.; Flowers, R. A. Coordination-induced O-H bond weakening in Sm(II)-water complexes. Dalton. Trans. 2019, 48, 16142-7.

69. Boyd, E. A.; Peters, J. C. Sm(II)-mediated proton-coupled electron transfer: quantifying very weak N-H and O-H homolytic bond strengths and factors controlling them. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 21337-46.

70. Cuerva, J. M.; Campaña, A. G.; Justicia, J.; et al. Water: the ideal hydrogen-atom source in free-radical chemistry mediated by Ti(III) and other single-electron-transfer metals? Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2006, 45, 5522-6.

71. Gansäuer, A.; Behlendorf, M.; Cangönül, A.; et al. H2O activation for hydrogen-atom transfer: correct structures and revised mechanisms. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2012, 51, 3266-70.

72. Tantawy, W.; Zipse, H. Hydroxylic solvents as hydrogen atom donors in radical reactions. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 2007, 5817-20.

73. Pandey, G.; Pooranchand, D.; Bhalerao, U. Photoinduced single electron transfer activation of organophosphines: nucleophilic trapping of phosphine radical cation. Tetrahedron 1991, 47, 1745-52.

74. Chen, S.; Xi, C. Photoinduced catalytical reduction of carbonyl compounds using water as a hydrogen source. Org. Chem. Front. 2024, 11, 5415-21.

75. Xie, Z.; Zheng, Y.; Liao, Z.; et al. Photoredox-catalyzed hydrogenation of alkenes assisted by an in situ generated PPh3(OH) radical and acetic acid. Org. Chem. Front. 2024, 11, 4187-93.

76. Kang, W. J.; Pan, Y.; Ding, A.; Guo, H. Organophotocatalytic alkene reduction using water as a hydrogen donor. Org. Lett. 2023, 25, 7633-8.

77. Kang, W.; Li, B.; Zhao, Z.; et al. Generation of thioxanthone hydrogen anion by double photoreduction and uses for catalytic photoreductions. ACS. Catal. 2023, 13, 13588-96.

78. Wertjes, W. C.; Southgate, E. H.; Sarlah, D. Recent advances in chemical dearomatization of nonactivated arenes. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47, 7996-8017.

79. Hook, J. M.; Mander, L. N. Recent developments in the Birch reduction of aromatic compounds: applications to the synthesis of natural products. Nat. Prod. Rep. 1986, 3, 35.

80. Birch, A. J. The Birch reduction in organic synthesis. Pure. Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 553-6.

81. Zimmerman, H. E. A mechanistic analysis of the Birch Reduction. Acc. Chem. Res. 2012, 45, 164-70.

82. Burrows, J.; Kamo, S.; Koide, K. Scalable Birch reduction with lithium and ethylenediamine in tetrahydrofuran. Science 2021, 374, 741-6.

83. Benkeser, R. A.; Robinson, R. E.; Sauve, D. M.; Thomas, O. H. Reduction of organic compounds by lithium in low molecular weight amines. I. selective reduction of aromatic hydrocarbons to monoölefins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 3230-3.

84. Nandi, P.; Dye, J. L.; Jackson, J. E. Birch reductions at room temperature with alkali metals in silica gel (Na2K-SG(I)). J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 5790-2.

85. Costanzo, M. J.; Patel, M. N.; Petersen, K. A.; Vogt, P. F. Ammonia-free Birch reductions with sodium stabilized in silica gel, Na–SG(I). Tetrahedron. Lett. 2009, 50, 5463-6.

86. Szostak, M.; Spain, M.; Procter, D. J. Determination of the effective redox potentials of SmI2, SmBr2, SmCl2, and their complexes with water by reduction of aromatic hydrocarbons. Reduction of anthracene and stilbene by samarium(II) iodide-water complex. J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 2522-37.

87. Donohoe, T. J.; Thomas, R. E. The partial reduction of electron-deficient pyrroles: procedures describing both Birch (Li/NH3) and ammonia-free (Li/DBB) conditions. Nat. Protoc. 2007, 2, 1888-95.

88. Lei, P.; Ding, Y.; Zhang, X.; et al. A practical and chemoselective ammonia-free Birch reduction. Org. Lett. 2018, 20, 3439-42.

89. Yoo, B. I.; Kim, Y. J.; You, Y.; Yang, J. W.; Kim, S. W. Birch reduction of aromatic compounds by inorganic electride [Ca2N]e- in an alcoholic solvent: an analogue of solvated electrons. J. Org. Chem. 2018, 83, 13847-53.

90. Urban, S.; Beiring, B.; Ortega, N.; Paul, D.; Glorius, F. Asymmetric hydrogenation of thiophenes and benzothiophenes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 15241-4.

91. Zhang, J.; Chen, F.; He, Y. M.; Fan, Q. H. Asymmetric ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogenation of 2,6-disubstituted 1,5-naphthyridines: access to chiral 1,5-diaza-cis-decalins. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2015, 54, 4622-5.

92. Kuwano, R.; Sato, K.; Kurokawa, T.; Karube, D.; Ito, Y. Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of heteroaromatic compounds, indoles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 7614-5.

93. Feiertag, P.; Albert, M.; Nettekoven, U.; Spindler, F. Asymmetric homogeneous hydrogenation of 2,5-disubstituted furans. Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 4133-5.

94. Duan, Y.; Li, L.; Chen, M. W.; Yu, C. B.; Fan, H. J.; Zhou, Y. G. Homogenous Pd-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of unprotected indoles: scope and mechanistic studies. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 7688-700.

95. Chen, Z. P.; Chen, M. W.; Shi, L.; Yu, C. B.; Zhou, Y. G. Pd-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of fluorinated aromatic pyrazol-5-ols via capture of active tautomers. Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 3415-9.

96. Kuwano, R.; Hashiguchi, Y.; Ikeda, R.; Ishizuka, K. Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of pyrimidines. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2015, 54, 2393-6.

97. Chang, M.; Huang, Y.; Liu, S.; et al. Asymmetric hydrogenation of pyridinium salts with an iridium phosphole catalyst. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2014, 53, 12761-4.

98. Masuda, Y.; Tsuda, H.; Murakami, M. Photoinduced dearomatizing three-component coupling of arylphosphines, alkenes, and water. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2021, 60, 3551-5.

99. Meng, Y.; Jian, Y.; Li, J.; et al. Surface-active site engineering: synergy of photo- and supermolecular catalysis in hydrogen transfer enables biomass upgrading and H2 evolution. Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 452, 139477.

100. Jian, Y.; Meng, Y.; Li, J.; Wu, H.; Saravanamurugan, S.; Li, H. Engineering oxygen vacancy and crystal surfaces for TiO2-based photocatalysts for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogenation of bio-based carbonyls to biofuels. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2022, 10, 108837.

101. Schwinghammer, K.; Tuffy, B.; Mesch, M. B.; et al. Triazine-based carbon nitrides for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2013, 52, 2435-9.

102. Sun, Z.; Fujitsuka, M.; Shi, C.; Zhu, M.; Wang, A.; Majima, T. Efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen generation on g-C3N4 coupled with iron phosphide. ChemPhotoChem 2019, 3, 540-4.

103. Zhang, G.; Ling, X.; Liu, G.; et al. Construction of defective zinc-cadmium-sulfur nanorods for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution without the use of sacrificial agents or cocatalysts. ChemSusChem 2020, 13, 756-62.

104. Teng, Z.; Zhang, Q.; Yang, H.; et al. Atomically dispersed antimony on carbon nitride for the artificial photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Nat. Catal. 2021, 4, 374-84.

105. Sharma, P.; Sasson, Y. A photoactive catalyst Ru–g-C3N4 for hydrogen transfer reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Green. Chem. 2017, 19, 844-52.

106. Yu, J.; Liu, Q.; Qiao, W.; et al. Catalytic role of metal nanoparticles in selectivity control over photodehydrogenative coupling of primary amines to imines and secondary amines. ACS. Catal. 2021, 11, 6656-61.

107. Zhang, D.; Ren, P.; Liu, W.; et al. Photocatalytic abstraction of hydrogen atoms from water using hydroxylated graphitic carbon nitride for hydrogenative coupling reactions. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2022, 61, e202204256.

108. Han, C.; Han, G.; Yao, S.; et al. Defective ultrathin ZnIn2S4 for photoreductive deuteration of carbonyls using D2O as the deuterium source. Adv. Sci. 2022, 9, e2103408.

109. Yuan, T.; Sun, L.; Wu, Z.; et al. Mild and metal-free Birch-type hydrogenation of (hetero)arenes with boron carbonitride in water. Nat. Catal. 2022, 5, 1157-68.

110. Call, A.; Casadevall, C.; Acuña-Parés, F.; Casitas, A.; Lloret-Fillol, J. Dual cobalt-copper light-driven catalytic reduction of aldehydes and aromatic ketones in aqueous media. Chem. Sci. 2017, 8, 4739-49.

111. Chen, S.; Xi, C. CO2 promoted photoredox/Ni-catalyzed semi-reduction of alkynes with H2O. Green. Chem. 2023, 25, 7978-82.

112. Zhang, M.; Yuan, X. A.; Zhu, C.; Xie, J. Deoxygenative deuteration of carboxylic acids with D2O. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2019, 58, 312-6.

113. Ramirez, N. P.; Gonzalez-Gomez, J. C. Decarboxylative giese-type reaction of carboxylic acids promoted by visible light: a sustainable and photoredox-neutral protocol. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2017, 2017, 2154-63.

114. Zhang, M.; Xie, J.; Zhu, C. A general deoxygenation approach for synthesis of ketones from aromatic carboxylic acids and alkenes. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 3517.

115. Guo, H. M.; Wu, X. Selective deoxygenative alkylation of alcohols via photocatalytic domino radical fragmentations. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 5365.

116. Hasegawa, E.; Seida, T.; Chiba, N.; Takahashi, T.; Ikeda, H. Contrastive photoreduction pathways of benzophenones governed by regiospecific deprotonation of imidazoline radical cations and additive effects. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 9632-5.

117. Naumann, R.; Goez, M. How the sustainable solvent water unleashes the photoredox catalytic potential of ruthenium polypyridyl complexes for pinacol couplings. Green. Chem. 2019, 21, 4470-4.

118. Okumura, S.; Hattori, S.; Fang, L.; Uozumi, Y. Multielectron reduction of esters by a diazabenzacenaphthenium photoredox catalyst. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024, 146, 16990-5.

119. Flynn, A. R.; McDaniel, K. A.; Hughes, M. E.; Vogt, D. B.; Jui, N. T. Hydroarylation of arenes via reductive radical-polar crossover. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 9163-8.

120. McDaniel, K. A.; Blood, A. R.; Smith, G. C.; Jui, N. T. Dearomatization of unactivated arenes via catalytic hydroalkylation. ACS. Catal. 2021, 11, 4968-72.

121. Geyer, R.; Jambeck, J. R.; Law, K. L. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Sci. Adv. 2017, 3, e1700782.

122. Borodziński, A.; Bond, G. C. Selective hydrogenation of ethyne in ethene-rich streams on palladium catalysts. Part 1. Effect of changes to the catalyst during reaction. Catal. Rev. 2006, 48, 91-144.

123. Arcudi, F.; Ðorđević, L.; Schweitzer, N.; Stupp, S. I.; Weiss, E. A. Selective visible-light photocatalysis of acetylene to ethylene using a cobalt molecular catalyst and water as a proton source. Nat. Chem. 2022, 14, 1007-12.

124. Nakamura, K.; Nishigaki, H.; Sato, Y. Dual photoredox/cobalt-catalyzed reductive cyclization of alkynals. ACS. Catal. 2024, 14, 3369-75.

125. Huo, H.; Harms, K.; Meggers, E. Catalytic, enantioselective addition of alkyl radicals to alkenes via visible-light-activated photoredox catalysis with a chiral rhodium complex. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 6936-9.

126. Zhong, J. J.; Liu, Q.; Wu, C. J.; et al. Combining visible light catalysis and transfer hydrogenation for in situ efficient and selective semihydrogenation of alkynes under ambient conditions. Chem. Commun. 2016, 52, 1800-3.

127. Zhang, X.; Chen, J.; Gao, Y.; et al. Photocatalyzed transfer hydrogenation and deuteriation of cyclic N-sulfonylimines. Org. Chem. Front. 2019, 6, 2410-4.

128. Liu, P.; Zhao, Y.; Qin, R.; et al. Photochemical route for synthesizing atomically dispersed palladium catalysts. Science 2016, 352, 797-801.

129. Li, T.; Liu, F.; Tang, Y.; et al. Maximizing the number of interfacial sites in single-atom catalysts for the highly selective, solvent-free oxidation of primary alcohols. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2018, 57, 7795-9.

130. Zhang, L.; Long, R.; Zhang, Y.; et al. Direct observation of dynamic bond evolution in single-atom Pt/C3N4 catalysts. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2020, 59, 6224-9.

131. Zhao, Q.; Ni, W.; Tan, X.; et al. A “Trojan horse” strategy towards robust Co–N4 active sites accommodated in micropore defect-rich carbon nanosheets for boosting selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2022, 10, 9435-44.

132. Zhao, E.; Li, M.; Xu, B.; et al. Transfer hydrogenation with a carbon-nitride-supported palladium single-atom photocatalyst and water as a proton source. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2022, 61, e202207410.

133. Jia, T.; Meng, D.; Ji, H.; et al. Visible-light-driven semihydrogenation of alkynes via proton reduction over carbon nitride supported nickel. Appl. Catal. B. Environ. 2022, 304, 121004.

134. Nan, X. L.; Wang, Y.; Li, X. B.; Tung, C. H.; Wu, L. Z. Site-selective D2O-mediated deuteration of diaryl alcohols via quantum dots photocatalysis. Chem. Commun. 2021, 57, 6768-71.

Chemical Synthesis
ISSN 2769-5247 (Online)

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/