fig9

Figure 9. (A) Change of metal-adsorbate interaction by changing the metal d band center; (B) pDOS of Ni in NiN₄ and NiCuN₆; (C) Gibbs free energy profiles for CO₂ electroreduction on NiMN₆ and NiN₄; (A-C) Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[107]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society; (D) In situ ATR-SEIRAS test on Cu/Ni-NC in neutral medium; (E) The density of state of Ni d-orbitals in NiN₃-CuN₃ and NiN₃; (F) The CO₂ reduction pathway on NiN₃-CuN₃; (D-F) Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[143]. Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH; (G) Cu 3d PDOS and O 2p PDOS of Cu-N₄/Zn-N₄; (H) Free energy for ORR on the three catalysts; (I) Proposed ORR mechanism on the Cu-N₄/Zn-N₄ site; (G-I) Reproduced with permission from Ref.^[112]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH. ORR: Oxygen reduction reaction.