REFERENCES
1. Franklin BA, Eijsvogels TMH, Pandey A, Quindry J, Toth PP. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: a clinical practice statement of the ASPC Part I: bioenergetics, contemporary physical activity recommendations, benefits, risks, extreme exercise regimens, potential maladaptations. Am J Prev Cardiol. 2022;12:100424.
2. Paluch AE, Boyer WR, Franklin BA, et al. Resistance exercise training in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2023 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024;149:e217-31.
3. Franklin BA, Eijsvogels TMH, Pandey A, Quindry J, Toth PP. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: a clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations. Am J Prev Cardiol. 2022;12:100425.
4. Franklin BA, Quindry J. High level physical activity in cardiac rehabilitation: implications for exercise training and leisure-time pursuits. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2022;70:22-32.
5. Harber MP, Kaminsky LA, Arena R, et al. Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on all-cause and disease-specific mortality: advances since 2009. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2017;60:11-20.
6. Franklin BA, Wedig IJ, Sallis RE, Lavie CJ, Elmer SJ. Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as modulators of health outcomes: a compelling research-based case presented to the medical community. Mayo Clin Proc. 2023;98:316-31.
7. Kokkinos P, Faselis C, Pittaras A, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2024;26:1163-71.
8. Kokkinos P, Faselis C, Franklin B, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index and heart failure incidence. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21:436-44.
9. Sachdev V, Sharma K, Keteyian SJ, et al. Supervised exercise training for chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. Circulation. 2023;147:e699-715.
10. Franklin BA, Brinks J, Berra K, Lavie CJ, Gordon NF, Sperling LS. Using metabolic equivalents in clinical practice. Am J Cardiol. 2018;121:382-7.
11. Mujika I, Padilla S. Detraining: loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations. Part I: short term insufficient training stimulus. Sports Med. 2000;30:79-87.
12. Neufer PD. The effect of detraining and reduced training on the physiological adaptations to aerobic exercise training. Sports Med. 1989;8:302-20.
13. Lo MS, Lin LL, Yao WJ, Ma MC. Training and detraining effects of the resistance vs. endurance program on body composition, body size, and physical performance in young men. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:2246-54.
14. Lepers R, Mater A, Assadi H, Zanou N, Gremeaux V, Place N. Effect of 12 weeks of detraining and retraining on the cardiorespiratory fitness in a competitive master athlete: a case study. Front Physiol. 2024;15:1508642.
15. Zheng J, Pan T, Jiang Y, Shen Y. Effects of short- and long-term detraining on maximal oxygen uptake in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:2130993.
16. Sheppard JP. Should exercise be considered as an alternative to drug treatment in patients with low-risk mild hypertension? Br J Sports Med. 2019;53:848-9.
17. Naci H, Ioannidis JP. Comparative effectiveness of exercise and drug interventions on mortality outcomes: metaepidemiological study. BMJ. 2013;347:f5577.
18. Kunutsor SK, Laukkanen JA. Physical activity, exercise and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular disease: a narrative review. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2024;22:91-101.
19. Martin BJ, Arena R, Haykowsky M, et al. Cardiovascular fitness and mortality after contemporary cardiac rehabilitation. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88:455-63.
20. Franklin BA, Lavie CJ, Squires RW, Milani RV. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation and improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness: implications regarding patient benefit. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88:431-7.
21. Franklin BA, McCullough PA. Cardiorespiratory fitness: an independent and additive marker of risk stratification and health outcomes. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84:776-9.
22. Azócar-Gallardo J, Ojeda-Aravena A, Báez-San Martín E, et al. Effect of a concurrent training program with and without metformin treatment on metabolic markers and cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with insulin resistance: a retrospective analysis. Biomolecules. 2024;14:1470.
23. Crowley E, Powell C, Carson BP, Davies RW. The effect of exercise training intensity on VO2max in healthy adults: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Transl Sports Med. 2022;2022:9310710.
24. Belanger MJ, Rao P, Robbins JM. Exercise, Physical activity, and cardiometabolic health: pathophysiologic insights. Cardiol Rev. 2022;30:134-44.
25. McGregor G, Powell R, Begg B, et al. High-intensity interval training in cardiac rehabilitation: a multi-centre randomized controlled trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2023;30:745-55.
26. Kristiansen J, Sjúrðarson T, Grove EL, et al. Feasibility and impact of whole-body high-intensity interval training in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a randomised controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2022;12:17295.
27. Milani JGPO, Milani M, Verboven K, Cipriano G Jr, Hansen D. Exercise intensity prescription in cardiovascular rehabilitation: bridging the gap between best evidence and clinical practice. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024;11:1380639.
28. Raisi A, Boonpor J, Breheny M, et al. Association of stair use with risk of major chronic diseases. Am J Prev Med. 2024;66:324-32.
29. Sanchez-Lastra MA, Ding D, Dalene KE, Del Pozo Cruz B, Ekelund U, Tarp J. Stair climbing and mortality: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2021;12:298-307.
30. Song Z, Wan L, Wang W, et al. Daily stair climbing, disease susceptibility, and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study. Atherosclerosis. 2023;386:117300.





