REFERENCES

1. Elia D, Caminati A, Zompatori M, et al. Pulmonary hypertension and chronic lung disease: where are we headed? Eur Respir Rev. 2019;28:190065.

2. Ackermann M, Werlein C, Plucinski E, et al. The role of vasculature and angiogenesis in respiratory diseases. Angiogenesis. 2024;27:293-310.

3. Kolb TM, Hassoun PM. Right ventricular dysfunction in chronic lung disease. Cardiol Clin. 2012;30:243-56.

4. Mocumbi A, Humbert M, Saxena A, et al. Pulmonary hypertension. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2024;10:1.

5. Moss BJ, Ryter SW, Rosas IO. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2022;17:515-46.

6. Borek I, Birnhuber A, Voelkel NF, Marsh LM, Kwapiszewska G. The vascular perspective on acute and chronic lung disease. J Clin Invest. 2023:133.

7. van der Feen DE, Berger RMF, Bartelds B. Converging paths of pulmonary arterial hypertension and cellular senescence. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2019;61:11-20.

8. van der Feen DE, Bossers GPL, Hagdorn QAJ, et al. Cellular senescence impairs the reversibility of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sci Transl Med. 2020;12:eaaw4974.

9. Adnot S, Amsellem V, Boyer L, et al. Telomere dysfunction and cell senescence in chronic lung diseases: therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther. 2015;153:125-34.

10. Sikora E, Arendt T, Bennett M, Narita M. Impact of cellular senescence signature on ageing research. Ageing Res Rev. 2011;10:146-52.

11. Uyar B, Palmer D, Kowald A, et al. Single-cell analyses of aging, inflammation and senescence. Ageing Res Rev. 2020;64:101156.

12. Zhu Y, Anastasiadis ZP, Espindola Netto JM, Evans T, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. Past and future directions for research on cellular senescence. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2024;14:a041205.

13. Zhu Y, Liu X, Ding X, Wang F, Geng X. Telomere and its role in the aging pathways: telomere shortening, cell senescence and mitochondria dysfunction. Biogerontology. 2019;20:1-16.

14. Mohamad Kamal NS, Safuan S, Shamsuddin S, Foroozandeh P. Aging of the cells: insight into cellular senescence and detection Methods. Eur J Cell Biol. 2020;99:151108.

15. Muñoz-Espín D, Cañamero M, Maraver A, et al. Programmed cell senescence during mammalian embryonic development. Cell. 2013;155:1104-18.

16. Wiley CD, Velarde MC, Lecot P, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces senescence with a distinct secretory phenotype. Cell Metab. 2016;23:303-14.

17. Sizek H, Deritei D, Fleig K, et al. Unlocking mitochondrial dysfunction-associated senescence (MiDAS) with NAD+ - A Boolean model of mitochondrial dynamics and cell cycle control. Transl Oncol. 2024;49:102084.

18. Acosta JC, Banito A, Wuestefeld T, et al. A complex secretory program orchestrated by the inflammasome controls paracrine senescence. Nat Cell Biol. 2013;15:978-90.

19. Corpet A, Stucki M. Chromatin maintenance and dynamics in senescence: a spotlight on SAHF formation and the epigenome of senescent cells. Chromosoma. 2014;123:423-36.

20. Zhang L, Pitcher LE, Yousefzadeh MJ, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD, Zhu Y. Cellular senescence: a key therapeutic target in aging and diseases. J Clin Invest. 2022:132.

21. Barnes PJ, Baker J, Donnelly LE. Cellular Senescence as a Mechanism and Target in Chronic Lung Diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200:556-64.

22. Schneider JL, Rowe JH, Garcia-de-Alba C, Kim CF, Sharpe AH, Haigis MC. The aging lung: physiology, disease, and immunity. Cell. 2021;184:1990-2019.

23. Lawrie A, Francis SE. Frataxin and endothelial cell senescence in pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest. 2021;131::e149721.

24. Liu L, Wei Y, Giunta S, He Q, Xia S. Potential role of cellular senescence in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2022;49:1042-9.

25. Stenmark KR, Frid MG, Graham BB, Tuder RM. Dynamic and diverse changes in the functional properties of vascular smooth muscle cells in pulmonary hypertension. Cardiovasc Res. 2018;114:551-64.

26. Qamsari E, Stewart DJ. Cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension: the good, the bad and the uncertain. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1403669.

27. Wang Y, Zhong B, Wu Q, Tong J, Zhu T, Zhang M. Effect of aldosterone on senescence and proliferation inhibition of endothelial progenitor cells induced by Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e920678.

28. Noureddine H, Gary-Bobo G, Alifano M, et al. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell senescence is a pathogenic mechanism for pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung disease. Circ Res. 2011;109:543-53.

29. Miwa S, Kashyap S, Chini E, von Zglinicki T. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cell senescence and aging. J Clin Invest. 2022;132:e158447.

30. Zhan H, Suzuki T, Aizawa K, Miyagawa K, Nagai R. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-mediated DNA damage response in oxidative stress-induced vascular endothelial cell senescence. J Biol Chem. 2010;285:29662-70.

31. Zhang L, Ma C, Zhang C, et al. Reactive oxygen species effect PASMCs apoptosis via regulation of dynamin-related protein 1 in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Histochem Cell Biol. 2016;146:71-84.

32. Meng ZY, Lu CH, Li J, et al. Identification and experimental verification of senescence-related gene signatures and molecular subtypes in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sci Rep. 2024;14:22157.

33. Venosa A. Senescence in pulmonary fibrosis: between aging and exposure. Front Med. 2020;7:606462.

34. Yao C, Guan X, Carraro G, et al. Senescence of alveolar type 2 cells drives progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203:707-17.

35. Parimon T, Hohmann MS, Yao C. Cellular senescence: pathogenic mechanisms in lung fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:6214.

36. Wan R, Wang L, Zhu M, Li W, Duan Y, Yu G. Cellular senescence: a troy horse in pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:16410.

37. Duckworth A, Gibbons MA, Allen RJ, et al. Telomere length and risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a mendelian randomisation study. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9:285-94.

38. Alder JK, Armanios M. Telomere-mediated lung disease. Physiol Rev. 2022;102:1703-20.

39. Snetselaar R, van Batenburg AA, van Oosterhout MFM, et al. Short telomere length in IPF lung associates with fibrotic lesions and predicts survival. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0189467.

40. Feng J, Liu H, Jiang K, et al. Enhanced oxidative stress aggravates BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis by promoting cellular senescence through enhancing NLRP3 activation. Life Sci. 2024;358:123128.

41. Yin Y, Zhou Z, Liu W, Chang Q, Sun G, Dai Y. Vascular endothelial cells senescence is associated with NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation via reactive oxygen species (ROS)/thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2017;84:22-34.

42. Guan R, Yuan L, Li J, et al. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by modulating cellular senescence and mitophagy in lung fibroblasts. Eur Respir J. 2022;60:2102307.

43. Easter M, Bollenbecker S, Barnes JW, Krick S. Targeting aging pathways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:6924.

44. Zhang Y, Huang W, Zheng Z, et al. Cigarette smoke-inactivated SIRT1 promotes autophagy-dependent senescence of alveolar epithelial type 2 cells to induce pulmonary fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2021;166:116-27.

45. Cheng PP, Yu F, Chen SJ, et al. PM2.5 exposure-induced senescence-associated secretory phenotype in airway smooth muscle cells contributes to airway remodeling. Environ Pollut. 2024;347:123674.

46. Araya J, Tsubouchi K, Sato N, et al. PRKN-regulated mitophagy and cellular senescence during COPD pathogenesis. Autophagy. 2019;15:510-26.

47. Savale L, Chaouat A, Bastuji-Garin S, et al. Shortened telomeres in circulating leukocytes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;179:566-71.

48. Peng K, Yao YX, Lu X, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction-associated alveolar epithelial senescence is involved in CdCl2-induced COPD-like lung injury. J Hazard Mater. 2024;476:135103.

49. Kominkova E, Petrek M, Navratilova Z. Protective factors against oxidative stress in COPD: focus on Nrf2-dependent antioxidant gene expression. Front Med. 2025;12:1492256.

50. Barnes PJ. Targeting cellular senescence as a new approach to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease therapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2021;56:68-73.

51. Tao L, Lu X, Fu Z, et al. Tong Sai granule improves AECOPD via regulation of MAPK-SIRT1-NF-κB pathway and cellular senescence alleviation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2023;314:116622.

52. Li M, Chen B, Sun S, Wang K, Wang Y, Wu J. Klotho regulates club cell senescence and differentiation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cell Prolif. 2025;58:e70000.

53. da Silva CO, de Souza Nogueira J, do Nascimento AP, et al. COPD patients exhibit distinct gene expression, accelerated cellular aging, and bias to M2 macrophages. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:9913.

54. Luo X, Zeng W, Tang J, et al. Multi-modal transcriptomic analysis reveals metabolic dysregulation and immune responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep. 2024;14:22699.

55. Budde J, Skloot G. Aging and susceptibility to pulmonary disease. Compr Physiol. 2022;12:3509-22.

56. Cho SJ, Stout-Delgado HW. Aging and lung disease. Annu Rev Physiol. 2020;82:433-59.

57. Aghali A, Koloko Ngassie ML, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Cellular senescence in aging lungs and diseases. Cells. 2022;11:1781.

58. Birch J, Barnes PJ, Passos JF. Mitochondria, telomeres and cell senescence: Implications for lung ageing and disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2018;183:34-49.

59. Zhou S, Zhu J, Zhou PK, Gu Y. Alveolar type 2 epithelial cell senescence and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022;10:999600.

60. Schuliga M, Kanwal A, Read J, et al. A cGAS-dependent response links DNA damage and senescence in alveolar epithelial cells: a potential drug target in IPF. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2021;321:L859-71.

61. Bateman G, Guo-Parke H, Rodgers AM, et al. Airway epithelium senescence as a driving mechanism in COPD pathogenesis. Biomedicines. 2023;11:2072.

62. Chilosi M, Carloni A, Rossi A, Poletti V. Premature lung aging and cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and COPD/emphysema. Transl Res. 2013;162:156-73.

63. Tuder RM, Yoshida T, Arap W, Pasqualini R, Petrache I. State of the art. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of alveolar destruction in emphysema: an evolutionary perspective. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2006;3:503-10.

64. Nambiar A, Kellogg D 3rd, Justice J, et al. Senolytics dasatinib and quercetin in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: results of a phase I, single-blind, single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial on feasibility and tolerability. EBioMedicine. 2023;90:104481.

65. Bloom SI, Tuday E, Islam T, Gogulamudi VR, Lesniewski LA, Donato AJ. Senolytics reduce endothelial cell DNA damage and telomere dysfunction despite reductions in telomere length. Aging Biol. 2023;1:20230007.

66. Baker JR, Daly L, Hassibi S, et al. Senolytic therapy reduces inflammation in epithelial cells from COPD patients and in smoke-exposure mice. Front Med. 2025;12:1451056.

67. Schafer MJ, Haak AJ, Tschumperlin DJ, LeBrasseur NK. Targeting senescent cells in fibrosis: pathology, paradox, and practical considerations. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2018;20:3.

68. Roth-Walter F, Adcock IM, Benito-Villalvilla C, et al. Metabolic pathways in immune senescence and inflammaging: Novel therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory lung diseases. An EAACI position paper from the Task Force for Immunopharmacology. Allergy. 2024;79:1089-122.

69. Barnes PJ. Senotherapy for lung diseases. In: Fred Wong WS, Editor. Advances in Pharmacology. Elsevier; 2023. pp. 249-71.

70. Baker JR, Donnelly LE, Barnes PJ. Senotherapy: a new horizon for COPD therapy. Chest. 2020;158:562-70.

71. Mouraret N, Marcos E, Abid S, et al. Activation of lung p53 by Nutlin-3a prevents and reverses experimental pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 2013;127:1664-76.

72. Gao S, Chen L, Lin Z, et al. 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase protects cells from senescence via the p53-p21 pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 2024;56:184-98.

73. You B, Liu Y, Chen J, et al. Vascular peroxidase 1 mediates hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance and migration. Cardiovasc Res. 2018;114:188-99.

74. Zhou L, Zhang X, Dong Y, et al. A Tandemly activated fluorescence probe for detecting senescent cells with improved selectivity by targeting a biomarker combination. ACS Sens. 2022;7:1958-66.

75. Wiesemann A, Ketteler J, Slama A, et al. Inhibition of radiation-induced Ccl2 signaling protects lungs from vascular dysfunction and endothelial cell loss. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2019;30:213-31.

76. Raslan AA, Pham TX, Lee J, et al. Lung injury-induced activated endothelial cell states persist in aging-associated progressive fibrosis. Nat Commun. 2024;15:5449.

77. Banaschewski BJH, Michki SN, Sitaraman S, et al. Emergence of inflammatory fibroblasts with aging in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome associated pulmonary fibrosis. Commun Biol. 2025;8:284.

78. Guo-Parke H, Cappa O, Linden DA, et al. IFN-mediated bronchial epithelium cellular senescence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2025;73:871-83.

79. Tran TTV, Jeong Y, Kim S, et al. PRMT1 ablation in endothelial cells causes endothelial dysfunction and aggravates COPD attributable to dysregulated NF-κB signaling. Adv Sci. 2025;12:e2411514.

80. Lemay SE, Mougin M, Sauvaget M, et al. Unraveling AURKB as a potential therapeutic target in pulmonary hypertension using integrated transcriptomic analysis and pre-clinical studies. Cell Rep Med. 2025;6:101964.

81. Fujiwara T, Ishii S, Minatsuki S, Hatano M, Takeda N. Exploring novel therapeutics for pulmonary arterial hypertension: from the bench to the bedside. Int Heart J. 2025;66:3-12.

82. Lemay SE, Montesinos MS, Grobs Y, et al. Exploring integrin α5β1 as a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary arterial hypertension: insights from comprehensive multicenter preclinical studies. Circulation. 2025;151:1162-83.

83. He Y, Cao X, Liu X, et al. Quercetin reverses experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension by modulating the TrkA pathway. Exp Cell Res. 2015;339:122-34.

84. Guignabert C, Phan C, Seferian A, et al. Dasatinib induces lung vascular toxicity and predisposes to pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest. 2016;126:3207-18.

85. Shen M, Fu J, Zhang Y, et al. A novel senolytic drug for pulmonary fibrosis: BTSA1 targets apoptosis of senescent myofibroblasts by activating BAX. Aging Cell. 2024;23:e14229.

86. Zhuo J, Liu D, Yu Q, et al. Indole-3-acetic acid attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by modulating lung microbiota, inhibiting fibroblast activation, and alleviating alveolar epithelial cell senescence. Life Sci. 2024;359:123191.

87. Su W, Guo Y, Wang Q, et al. YAP1 inhibits the senescence of alveolar epithelial cells by targeting Prdx3 to alleviate pulmonary fibrosis. Exp Mol Med. 2024;56:1643-54.

88. Zhou Q, Yi G, Chang M, et al. Activation of Sirtuin3 by honokiol ameliorates alveolar epithelial cell senescence in experimental silicosis via the cGAS-STING pathway. Redox Biol. 2024;74:103224.

89. Lin Y, Xu Z, Zhou B, Ma K, Jiang M. Pentoxifylline inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by regulating cellular senescence in mice. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:848263.

90. Sun W, Gao Y, Wu Y, et al. Targeted apoptosis of senescent cells by valproic acid alleviates therapy-induced cellular senescence and lung aging. Phytomedicine. 2024;135:156131.

91. Oyewole AO, Birch-Machin MA. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. FASEB J. 2015;29:4766-71.

92. Sun Q, Liu L, Mandal J, et al. PDGF-BB induces PRMT1 expression through ERK1/2 dependent STAT1 activation and regulates remodeling in primary human lung fibroblasts. Cell Signal. 2016;28:307-15.

93. Li S, Huang Q, He B. SIRT1 as a potential therapeutic target for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lung. 2023;201:201-15.

94. Wang Y, Chen J, Chen W, et al. LINC00987 ameliorates COPD by regulating LPS-induced cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy through let-7b-5p/SIRT1 Axis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2020;15:3213-25.

95. Yao H, Rahman I. Perspectives on translational and therapeutic aspects of SIRT1 in inflammaging and senescence. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012;84:1332-9.

96. Yang F, Qin H, Qin C, et al. SIRT1 regulates cigarette smoke extractinduced alveolar macrophage polarization and inflammation by inhibiting the TRAF6/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2025;31:43.

97. Wang AP, Yang F, Tian Y, et al. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell senescence promotes the proliferation of PASMCs by paracrine IL-6 in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Front Physiol. 2021;12:656139.

98. Boucherat O, Bonnet S, Provencher S, Potus F. Anti-remodeling therapies in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2025;46:674-91.

99. Zeng Q, Gong Y, Zhu N, Shi Y, Zhang C, Qin L. Lipids and lipid metabolism in cellular senescence: emerging targets for age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev. 2024;97:102294.

100. Liang J, Huang G, Liu X, et al. Lipid deficiency contributes to impaired alveolar progenitor cell function in aging and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2024;71:242-53.

101. Zhu C, Zhang L, Heidari M, et al. Small RNA deep sequencing revealed microRNAs’ involvement in modulating cellular senescence and immortalization state. Poult Sci. 2023;102:102474.

102. Choi JY, Shin HJ, Bae IH. miR-93-5p suppresses cellular senescence by directly targeting Bcl-w and p21. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018;505:1134-40.

103. Sun S, Qin W, Tang X, et al. Vascular endothelium-targeted Sirt7 gene therapy rejuvenates blood vessels and extends life span in a Hutchinson-Gilford progeria model. Sci Adv. 2020;6:eaay5556.

104. Katz MG, Hadas Y, Vincek A, et al. Acid ceramidase gene therapy ameliorates pulmonary arterial hypertension with right heart dysfunction. Respir Res. 2023;24:197.

105. Lu Q, Ye C, Mao W, et al. Targeting senescent alveolar type 2 cells with a gene-editable FePt dual-atom catalyst for mitigating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. ACS Nano. 2025;19:23162-76.

106. Wu H, Ma H, Wang L, et al. Regulation of lung epithelial cell senescence in smoking-induced COPD/emphysema by microR-125a-5p via Sp1 mediation of SIRT1/HIF-1a. Int J Biol Sci. 2022;18:661-74.

107. Manevski M, Muthumalage T, Devadoss D, et al. Cellular stress responses and dysfunctional Mitochondrial-cellular senescence, and therapeutics in chronic respiratory diseases. Redox Biol. 2020;33:101443.

108. Paschalaki K, Rossios C, Pericleous C, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids reduce senescence in endothelial progenitor cells from patients with COPD. Thorax. 2022;77:616-20.

Vessel Plus
ISSN 2574-1209 (Online)
Follow Us

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/