fig14

Figure 14. Still image from a trans-esophageal echocardiogram in a young child showing a coronary sinus defect (yellow arrow) in various views. Panel A shows the length of the coronary sinus at the level of the diaphragm. Panel B shows the CSD (yellow arrow) where the atrial septum around the CS ostium is deficient. Due to the proximity of this defect to the posterior portion of the tricuspid and mitral valve, it is not amenable to device closure. Panel C shows en face view of the CSD with measurements. Panel D shows the CSD (yellow arrow) in the midesophageal bicaval view when the probe is rotated leftward. There is an additional patent foramen ovale seen superiorly (asterisk). RA: Right atrium; LA: left atrium; CS: coronary sinus; CSD: coronary sinus defect.