REFERENCES
1. Birkmeyer JD, Stukel TA, Siewers AE, Goodney PP, Wennberg DE, Lucas FL. Surgeon volume and operative mortality in the United States. N Engl J Med 2003;349:2117-27.
2. Sahni NR, Dalton M, Cutler DM, Birkmeyer JD, Chandra A. Surgeon specialization and operative mortality in United States: retrospective analysis. BMJ 2016;354:i3571.
3. Gonzalez AA, Dimick JB, Birkmeyer JD, Ghaferi AA. Understanding the volume-outcome effect in cardiovascular surgery: the role of failure to rescue. JAMA Surg 2014;149:119-23.
4. Marcadis AR, Spencer T, Sleeman D, Velazquez OC, Lew JI. Case distributions in general surgery residency: Subspecialization occurs before fellowship. Surgery 2020;167:717-23.
5. Klingensmith ME, Potts JR, Merrill WH, et al. Surgical training and the early specialization program: Analysis of a National Program. J Am Coll Surg 2016;222:410-6.
6. Pour AE, Bradbury TL, Horst P, Harrast JJ, Erens GA, Roberson JR. Trends in primary and revision knee arthroplasty among orthopaedic surgeons who take the American Board of Orthopaedics part II exam. Int Orthop 2016;40:2061-7.
7. Gombera MM, Laughlin MS, Vidal EA, et al. The impact of fellowship type on trends and complications following total shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthrosis by recently trained board-eligible orthopedic surgeons. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020;29:e279-86.
8. Masters J, Morton G, Anton I, et al. Specialist intervention is associated with improved patient outcomes in patients with decompensated heart failure: evaluation of the impact of a multidisciplinary inpatient heart failure team. Open Heart 2017;4:e000547.
9. Chikwe J, Toyoda N, Anyanwu AC, et al. Relation of mitral valve surgery volume to repair rate, durability, and survival. J Am Coll Cardiol ;2017:2397-406.
10. Badhwar V, Vemulapalli S, Mack MA, et al. Volume-outcome association of mitral valve surgery in the United States. JAMA Cardiol ;2020:1092.
11. Bilkhu R, Youssefi P, Soppa G, et al. Aortic root surgery: Does high surgical volume and a consistent perioperative approach improve outcome? Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016;28:302-9.
12. Hughes GC, Zhao Y, Rankin JS, et al. Effects of institutional volumes on operative outcomes for aortic root replacement in North America. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;145:166-70.
13. Ehrlich T, de Kerchove L, Vojacek J, et al. State-of-the art bicuspid aortic valve repair in 2020. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020;63:457-64.
14. Mastrobuoni S, de Kerchove L, Navarra E, et al. Long-term experience with valve-sparing reimplantation technique for the treatment of aortic aneurysm and aortic regurgitation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019;158:14-23.
15. Chikwe J, Cavallaro P, Itagaki S, Seigerman M, Diluozzo G, Adams DH. National outcomes in acute aortic dissection: influence of surgeon and institutional volume on operative mortality. Ann Thorac Surg 2013;95:1563-9.
16. Mazzeffi M, Ghoreishi M, Alejo D, et al. Investigators for the Maryland Cardiac Surgery Quality Initiative. Clinical practice variation and outcomes for Stanford Type A aortic dissection repair surgery in Maryland: Report from a statewide quality initiative. Aorta (Stamford) 2020;8:66-73.
17. Bowdish ME, D’Agostino RS, Thourani VH, et al. The society of thoracic surgeons adult cardiac surgery database: 2020 update on outcomes and research. Ann Thorac Surg 2020;109:1646-55.
18. . NICOR. National adult cardiac surgery audit. 2019 summary report (2015/16-2017/18 data). Available from national-adult-cardiac-surgery-summary-report-2019-final.pdf (hqip.org.uk). [Last accessed on 8 Feb 2021]
19. Mack M, Taggart D. Coronary revascularization should be a subspecialty focus in cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019;157:945-7.
21. Neumann FJ, Sousa-Uva M, Ahlsson A, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J 2019;40:87-165.
22. Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, et al. American College of Cardiology Foundation. 2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:e123-210.
23. Gaudino M, Hameed I, Farkouh ME, et al. Overall and cause-specific mortality in randomized clinical trials comparing percutaneous interventions with coronary bypass surgery: a meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2020;180:1638-46.
24. Welke KF, Barnett MJ, Sarrazin MS, Rosenthal GE. Limitations of hospital volume as a measure of quality of care for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;80:2114-9.
25. Kurlansky PA, Argenziano M, Dunton R, et al. Quality, not volume, determines outcome of coronary artery bypass surgery in a university-based community hospital network. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012;143:287-93.
26. Aldea GS, Bakaeen FG, Pal J, et al. Society of Thoracic Surgeons. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines on arterial conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 2016;101:801-9.
27. Taggart DP, D’amico R, Altman DG. Effect of arterial revascularisation on survival: a systematic review of studies comparing bilateral and single internal mammary arteries. Lancet 2001;358:870-5.
28. Yi G, Shine B, Rehman SM, Altman DG, Taggart DP. Effect of bilateral internal mammary artery grafts on long-term survival: a meta-analysis approach. Circulation 2014;130:539-45.
29. Gaudino M, Benedetto U, Fremes S, et al. RADIAL Investigators. Radial-Artery or Saphenous-Vein Grafts in Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery. N Engl J Med 2018;378:2069-77.
30. Buxton BF, Hayward PA, Raman J, et al. RAPCO Investigators*. Long-term results of the RAPCO trials. Circulation 2020;142:1330-8.
31. Taggart DP, Benedetto U, Gerry S, et al. Arterial Revascularization Trial Investigators. Bilateral versus single internal-thoracic-artery grafts at 10 years. N Engl J Med 2019;380:437-46.
32. Schwann TA, Habib RH, Wallace A, et al. Bilateral internal thoracic artery versus radial artery multi-arterial bypass grafting: a report from the STS database†. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019;56:926-34.
33. Schwann TA, Tatoulis J, Puskas J, et al. Worldwide trends in multi-arterial coronary artery bypass grafting surgery 2004-2014: a tale of 2 continents. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017;29:273-80.
34. Zhao DF, Edelman JJ, Seco M, et al. Coronary artery bypass grafting with and without manipulation of the ascending aorta: a network meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69:924-36.
35. Benedetto U, Lau C, Caputo M, et al. Comparison of outcomes for off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in low-volume and high-volume centers and by low-volume and high-volume surgeons. Am J Cardiol 2018;121:552-7.
36. Ruel M, Shariff MA, Lapierre H, et al. Results of the minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting angiographic patency study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;147:203-8.
37. Kikuchi K, Mori M. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2017;25:364-70.
38. Hammal F, Nagase F, Menon D, Ali I, Nagendran J, Stafinski T. Robot-assisted coronary artery bypass surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. Can J Surg 2020;63:E491-508.
39. Ravikumar N, George V, Shirke MM, Ashry A, Harky A. Robotic coronary artery surgery: outcomes and pitfalls. J Card Surg 2020;35:3108-15.
40. McGinn JT Jr, Usman S, Lapierre H, Pothula VR, Mesana TG, Ruel M. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting: dual-center experience in 450 consecutive patients. Circulation 2009;120:S78-84.
41. Amabile A, Torregrossa G, Balkhy HH. Robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting: current knowledge and future perspectives. Minerva Cardioangiol 2020;68:497-510.
42. Bonatti J, Schachner T, Bernecker O, et al. Robotic totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass: program development and learning curve issues. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;127:504-10.
43. Watkins AC, Ghoreishi M, Maassel NL, et al. Programmatic and surgeon specialization improves mortality in isolated coronary bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 2018;106:1150-8.
44. Gaudino MFL, Sandner S, Bonalumi G, Lawton JS, Fremes SE. Coronary Task Force of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. How to build a multi-arterial coronary artery bypass programme: a stepwise approach. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020;58:1111-7.
45. Thuijs DJFM, Bekker MWA, Taggart DP, et al. Improving coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of adopting transit-time flow measurement. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019;56:654-63.
46. Gaudino MFL, Taggart DP, Fremes SE. The ROMA trial: why it is needed. Curr Opin Cardiol 2018;33:622-6.
48. LaPar DJ, Filardo G, Crosby IK, et al. The challenge of achieving 1% operative mortality for coronary artery bypass grafting: a multi-institution Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;148:2686-96.
49. Årsrapport 2019 - UCR (SWEDEHEART Annual Report 2019). Available from https://www.ucr.uu.se/swedeheart/dokument-sh/arsrapporter-sh. [Last accessed on 8 Feb 2021].
