REFERENCES
1. Berkhemer OA, Fransen PS, Beumer D, et al; MR CLEAN Investigators. A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:11-20.
2. Campbell BC, Mitchell PJ, Kleinig TJ, et al; EXTEND-IA Investigators. Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1009-18.
3. Goyal M, Demchuk AM, Menon BK, et al; ESCAPE Trial Investigators. Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1019-30.
4. Saver JL, Goyal M, Bonafe A, et al; SWIFT PRIME Investigators. Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2285-95.
5. Jovin TG, Chamorro A, Cobo E, et al; REVASCAT Trial Investigators. Thrombectomy within 8 hours after symptom onset in ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2296-306.
6. Goyal M, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet 2016;387:1723-31.
7. Broderick JP, Palesch YY, Demchuk AM, et al; Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) III Investigators. Endovascular therapy after intravenous t-PA versus t-PA alone for stroke. N Engl J Med 2013;368:893-903.
8. Ciccone A, Valvassori L, Nichelatti M, et al; SYNTHESIS Expansion Investigators. Endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2013;368:904-13.
9. Kidwell CS, Jahan R, Gornbein J, et al; MR RESCUE Investigators. A trial of imaging selection and endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2013;368:914-23.
11. Bracard S, Ducrocq X, Mas JL, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase versus alteplase alone after stroke (THRACE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2016;15:1138-47.
12. Muir KW, Ford GA, Messow CM, et al; PISTE Investigators. Endovascular therapy for acute ischaemic stroke: the pragmatic ischaemic stroke thrombectomy evaluation (PISTE) randomised, controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017;88:38-44.
13. Martins SO, Mont’Alverne F, Rebello LC, et al; RESILIENT Investigators. Thrombectomy for stroke in the public health care system of Brazil. N Engl J Med 2020;382:2316-26.
14. Fransen PS, Berkhemer OA, Lingsma HF, et al; Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands Investigators. Time to reperfusion and treatment effect for acute ischemic stroke: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol 2016;73:190-6.
15. Saver JL, Goyal M, van der Lugt A, et al; HERMES Collaborators. Time to treatment with endovascular thrombectomy and outcomes from ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2016;316:1279-88.
16. Nogueira RG, Jadhav AP, Haussen DC, et al; DAWN Trial Investigators. Thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke with a mismatch between deficit and infarct. N Engl J Med 2018;378:11-21.
17. Campbell BC, Christensen S, Levi CR, et al. Comparison of computed tomography perfusion and magnetic resonance imaging perfusion-diffusion mismatch in ischemic stroke. Stroke 2012;43:2648-53.
18. Campbell BC, Christensen S, Levi CR, et al. Cerebral blood flow is the optimal CT perfusion parameter for assessing infarct core. Stroke 2011;42:3435-40.
19. Hoving JW, Marquering HA, Majoie CBLM, et al. Volumetric and spatial accuracy of computed tomography perfusion estimated ischemic core volume in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2018;49:2368-75.
20. d’Esterre CD, Boesen ME, Ahn SH, et al. Time-dependent computed tomographic perfusion thresholds for patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2015;46:3390-7.
21. Cereda CW, Christensen S, Campbell BCV, et al. A benchmarking tool to evaluate computer tomography perfusion infarct core predictions against a DWI standard. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016;36:1780-9.
22. Albers GW, Marks MP, Kemp S, et al; DEFUSE 3 Investigators. Thrombectomy for stroke at 6 to 16 hours with selection by perfusion imaging. N Engl J Med 2018;378:708-18.
23. Stroke Foundation (Australia). Clinical guidelines for stroke management. Available from: https://informme.org.au/en/Guidelines/Clinical-Guidelines-for-Stroke-Management. [Last accessed on 12 Nov 2020].
24. Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al; American Heart Association Stroke Council. 2018 Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the american heart association/American stroke association. Stroke 2018;49:e46-110.
25. Desai SM, Haussen DC, Aghaebrahim A, et al. Thrombectomy 24 hours after stroke: beyond DAWN. J Neurointerv Surg 2018;10:1039-42.
26. Ma H, Campbell BCV, Parsons MW, et al; EXTEND Investigators. Thrombolysis guided by perfusion imaging up to 9 hours after onset of stroke. N Engl J Med 2019;380:1795-803.
27. Campbell BCV, Ma H, Ringleb PA, et al. Extending thrombolysis to 4·5-9 h and wake-up stroke using perfusion imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet 2019;394:139-47.
28. Nagel S, Bouslama M, Krause LU, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy in patients with milder strokes and large vessel occlusions. Stroke 2018;49:2391-7.
29. Khatri P, Conaway MR, Johnston KC; Acute Stroke Accurate Prediction Study (ASAP) Investigators. Ninety-day outcome rates of a prospective cohort of consecutive patients with mild ischemic stroke. Stroke 2012;43:560-2.
30. Haussen DC, Bouslama M, Grossberg JA, et al. Too good to intervene? Thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion strokes with minimal symptoms: an intention-to-treat analysis. J Neurointerv Surg 2017;9:917-21.
31. Campbell BC, Christensen S, Tress BM, et al; EPITHET Investigators. Failure of collateral blood flow is associated with infarct growth in ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013;33:1168-72.
32. Menon BK, Hill MD, Davalos A, et al. Efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy in patients with M2 segment middle cerebral artery occlusions: meta-analysis of data from the HERMES Collaboration. J Neurointerv Surg 2019;11:1065-9.
33. Campbell BCV, Majoie CBLM, Albers GW, et al. Penumbral imaging and functional outcome in patients with anterior circulation ischaemic stroke treated with endovascular thrombectomy versus medical therapy: a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data. Lancet Neurol 2019;18:46-55.
34. Rebello LC, Bouslama M, Haussen DC, et al. Endovascular treatment for patients with acute stroke who have a large ischemic core and large mismatch imaging profile. JAMA Neurol 2017;74:34-40.
35. Kumar G, Shahripour RB, Alexandrov AV. Recanalization of acute basilar artery occlusion improves outcomes: a meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg 2015;7:868-74.
36. Liu X, Dai Q, Ye R, et al. Endovascular treatment versus standard medical treatment for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (BEST): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2020;19:115-22.
37. Schonewille W. BASICS - A randomized acute stroke trial of endovascular therapy in acute basilar artery occlusion. European Stroke Organisation Conference 2020 Large Clinical Trials - Webinar. Available from: https://eso-wso-conference.org/eso-wso-may-webinar/. [Last accessed on 12 Nov 2020].
38. Yang P, Zhang Y, Zhang L, et al; DIRECT-MT Investigators. Endovascular thrombectomy with or without intravenous alteplase in acute stroke. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1981-93.
39. Campbell BCV, Mitchell PJ, Churilov L, et al; EXTEND-IA TNK Investigators. Tenecteplase versus alteplase before thrombectomy for ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2018;378:1573-82.
40. Campbell BCV, Mitchell PJ, Churilov L, et al; EXTEND-IA TNK Part 2 investigators. Effect of intravenous tenecteplase dose on cerebral reperfusion before thrombectomy in patients with large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke: the EXTEND-IA TNK part 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2020;323:1257-65.
41. Abdullah AR, Smith EE, Biddinger PD, Kalenderian D, Schwamm LH. Advance hospital notification by EMS in acute stroke is associated with shorter door-to-computed tomography time and increased likelihood of administration of tissue-plasminogen activator. Prehosp Emerg Care 2008;12:426-31.
42. McKinney JS, Mylavarapu K, Lane J, Roberts V, Ohman-Strickland P, Merlin MA. Hospital prenotification of stroke patients by emergency medical services improves stroke time targets. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2013;22:113-8.
43. Lin CB, Peterson ED, Smith EE, et al. Emergency medical service hospital prenotification is associated with improved evaluation and treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2012;5:514-22.
44. Noorian AR, Sanossian N, Shkirkova K, et al; FAST-MAG Trial Investigators and Coordinators. Los Angeles motor scale to identify large vessel occlusion: prehospital validation and comparison with other screens. Stroke 2018;49:565-72.
45. Pérez de la Ossa N, Carrera D, Gorchs M, et al. Design and validation of a prehospital stroke scale to predict large arterial occlusion: the rapid arterial occlusion evaluation scale. Stroke 2014;45:87-91.
46. Zhao H, Pesavento L, Coote S, et al. Ambulance clinical triage for acute stroke treatment: paramedic triage algorithm for large vessel occlusion. Stroke 2018;49:945-51.
47. Zhao H, Coote S, Easton D, et al. Melbourne mobile stroke unit and reperfusion therapy: greater clinical impact of thrombectomy than thrombolysis. Stroke 2020;51:922-30.
48. Audebert HJ. The effects of mobile stroke units on functional outcome after acute cerebral ischemia (B_PROUD). 2020. Available from: https://professional.heart.org/idc/groups/ahamah-public/@wcm/@sop/@scon/documents/downloadable/ucm_505623.pdf. [Last accessed on 12 Nov 2020].
49. Meretoja A, Weir L, Ugalde M, et al. Helsinki model cut stroke thrombolysis delays to 25 minutes in Melbourne in only 4 months. Neurology 2013;81:1071-6.
50. Meretoja A, Strbian D, Mustanoja S, Tatlisumak T, Lindsberg PJ, Kaste M. Reducing in-hospital delay to 20 minutes in stroke thrombolysis. Neurology 2012;79:306-13.
51. Wu TY, Coleman E, Wright SL, et al. Helsinki stroke model is transferrable with “real-world” resources and reduced stroke thrombolysis delay to 34 min in christchurch. Front Neurol 2018;9:290.
53. Jadhav AP, Kenmuir CL, Aghaebrahim A, et al. Interfacility transfer directly to the neuroangiography suite in acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing thrombectomy. Stroke 2017;48:1884-9.
54. Ribo M, Boned S, Rubiera M, et al. Direct transfer to angiosuite to reduce door-to-puncture time in thrombectomy for acute stroke. J Neurointerv Surg 2018;10:221-4.
55. Mendez B, Requena M, Aires A, et al. Direct transfer to angio-suite to reduce workflow times and increase favorable clinical outcome. Stroke 2018;49:2723-7.
