REFERENCES
1. Shamliyan T, Nambiar S, Martin A. PCV63 what’s the cost of hospitalisations due to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the United States? Value Health 2019;22:S552-3.
2. Dhingra A, Garg A, Kaur S, et al. Epidemiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2014;11:354-65.
3. Ziaeian B, Heidenreich PA, Xu H, et al. Race/ethnic differences in outcomes among hospitalized medicare patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. JACC Heart Fail 2017;5:483-93.
4. Bouthoorn S, Valstar GB, Gohar A, et al. The prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in men and women with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018;15:477-93.
5. American Diabetes Association Position Statement. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of medical care in diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care 2020;43:S111-34.
6. American Diabetes Association Position Statement. 12. Older Adults: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care 2020;43:S152-62.
7. Rawshani A, Rawshani A, Franzen S, et al. Mortality and cardiovascular disease in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2017;376:1407-18.
8. Htay T, Soe K, Lopez-Perez A, Doan AH, Romagosa MA, Aung K. Mortality and cardiovascular disease in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Curr Cardiol Rep 2019;21:45.
9. Borlaug BA. Evaluation and management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020;17:559-73.
10. Oktay AA, Rich JD, Shah SJ. The emerging epidemic of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2013;10:401-10.
11. Zheng SL, Chan FT, Nabeebaccus AA, et al. Drug treatment effects on outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2018;104:407-15.
12. Kjeldsen SE, von Lueder TG, Smiseth OA, et al. Medical therapies for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Hypertension 2020;75:23-32.
13. Gladden JD, Chaanine AH, Redfield MM. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Ann Rev Med 2018;69:65-79.
14. Bonsu KO, Arunmanakul P, Chaiyakunapruk N. Pharmacological treatments for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction-a systematic review and indirect comparison. Heart Fail Rev 2018;23:147-56.
15. Zelniker TA, Wiviott SD, Raz I, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Lancet (London, England) 2019;393:31-9.
16. Birkeland KI, Jorgensen ME, Carstensen B, et al. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes following initiation of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs (CVD-REAL Nordic): a multinational observational analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017;5:709-17.
17. Zelniker TA, Braunwald E. Cardiac and renal effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in diabetes: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;72:1845-55.
18. Singh AK, Singh R. Heart failure hospitalization with SGLT-2 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled and observational studies. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019;12:299-308.
19. Lan NSR, Fegan PG, Yeap BB, Dwivedi G. The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on left ventricular function: current evidence and future directions. ESC Heart Fail 2019;6:927-35.
20. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP Wilmington D. FARXIGA- dapagliflozin tablet, film coated FDA label. May 2020. Available from: https://nctr-crs.fda.gov/fdalabel/services/spl/set-ids/01f90c94-71cb-4a1f-81ff-8004b850529b/spl-doc?hl=dapagliflozin. [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
21. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. JARDIANCE- empagliflozin tablet, film coated FDA label. 2014. Available from: https://nctr-crs.fda.gov/fdalabel/services/spl/set-ids/a77214ca-572e-485e-aae9-f7950187e5fb/spl-doc?hl=empagliflozin. [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
22. Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc. INVOKANA- canagliflozin tablet, film coated FDA label. March 2013. Available from: https://nctr-crs.fda.gov/fdalabel/services/spl/set-ids/b9057d3b-b104-4f09-8a61-c61ef9d4a3f3/spl-doc?hl=canagliflozin. [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
23. Fitchett D, Inzucchi SE, Cannon CP, et al. Empagliflozin reduced mortality and hospitalization for heart failure across the spectrum of cardiovascular risk in the EMPA-REG outcome trial. Circulation 2019;139:1384-95.
24. Radholm K, Figtree G, Perkovic V, et al. Canagliflozin and heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from the CANVAS program. Circulation 2018;138:458-68.
25. Dewan P, Solomon SD, Jhund PS, et al. Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition according to left ventricular ejection fraction in DAPA-HF. Eur J Heart Fail 2020;22:1247-58.
26. Dunlay SM, Givertz MM, Aguilar D, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: a scientific statement from the American heart association and the heart failure society of America: this statement does not represent an update of the 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA heart failure guideline update. Circulation 2019;140:e294-324.
27. Dunlay SM, Givertz MM, Aguilar D, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: a scientific statement from the American heart association and the heart failure society of America. J Card Fail 2019;25:584-619.
28. Ezekowitz JA, O’Meara E, McDonald MA, et al. 2017 comprehensive update of the canadian cardiovascular society guidelines for the management of heart failure. Can J Cardiol 2017;33:1342-433.
29. O’Meara E, McDonald M, Chan M, et al. CCS/CHFS heart failure guidelines: clinical trial update on functional mitral regurgitation, SGLT2 inhibitors, ARNI in HFpEF, and tafamidis in amyloidosis. Can J Cardiol 2020;36:159-69.
30. Higgins J, Green S, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Version 5.1.0. London: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011. Available from: https://training.cochrane.org/handbook/current. [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
31. Slutsky J, Atkins D, Chang S, Sharp BA. AHRQ series paper 1: comparing medical interventions: AHRQ and the effective health-care program. J Clin Epidemiol 2010;63:481-3.
32. Polisena J, Garritty C, Kamel C, Stevens A, Abou-Setta AM. Rapid review programs to support health care and policy decision making: a descriptive analysis of processes and methods. Syst Rev 2015;4:1-7.
33. Yancy CW, Jessup M, et al; Writing Committee M. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American college of cardiology foundation/American heart association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation 2013;128:e240-327.
34. Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 2016;37:2129-200.
35. Chow B, Rabkin SW. The relationship between arterial stiffness and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systemic meta-analysis. Heart Fail Rev 2015;20:291-303.
36. Machino-Ohtsuka T, Seo Y, Ishizu T, et al. Clinical utility of the 2016 ASE/EACVI recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in the stratification of post-discharge prognosis in patients with acute heart failure. Eur heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019;20:1129-37.
37. Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American society of echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2016;29:277-314.
38. Lindman BR, Davila-Roman VG, Mann DL, et al. Cardiovascular phenotype in HFpEF patients with or without diabetes: a RELAX trial ancillary study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64:541-9.
39. Greene SJ, Mentz RJ, Fiuzat M, et al. Reassessing the role of surrogate end points in drug development for heart failure. Circulation 2018;138:1039-53.
40. Lekavich CL, Barksdale DJ, Neelon V, Wu JR. Heart failure preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): an integrated and strategic review. Heart Fail Rev 2015;20:643-53.
41. Zinman B, Inzucchi SE, Lachin JM, et al. Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of a randomized, placebo-controlled cardiovascular outcome trial of empagliflozin (EMPA-REG OUTCOME). Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014;13:102.
42. Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, et al. The design and rationale for the dapagliflozin effect on cardiovascular events (DECLARE)-TIMI 58 Trial. Am Heart J 2018;200:83-9.
43. Ridderstrale M, Svaerd R, Zeller C, Kim G, Woerle HJ, Broedl UC. Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a 4-year (208-week) phase III trial of empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, versus glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with insufficient glycemic control. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013;12:129.
44. Neal B, Perkovic V, de Zeeuw D, et al. Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of the Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study (CANVAS)--a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Am Heart J 2013;166:217-23.e11.
45. Abraham WT, Ponikowski P, Brueckmann M, et al. Rationale and design of the EMPERIAL-preserved and EMPERIAL-reduced trials of empagliflozin in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2019;21:932-42.
46. Fu R, Gartlehner G, Grant M, et al. Conducting quantitative synthesis when comparing medical interventions: AHRQ and the effective health care program. J Clin Epidemiol 2011;64:1187-97.
47. Levine M, Ensom MH. Post hoc power analysis: an idea whose time has passed? Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:405-9.
48. Goodman SN, Berlin JA. The use of predicted confidence intervals when planning experiments and the misuse of power when interpreting results. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:200-6.
49. Yuan KH, Maxwell S. On the post hoc power in testing mean differences. J Educ Behav Stat 2005;30:141-67.
50. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Methods Guide for Effectiveness and Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. AHRQ Publication No 10(14)-EHC063-EF. 2014. Rockville, MD. Available from: https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/index.cfm/search-for-guides-reviews-and-reports/?pageaction=displayproduct&productid=318. [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
51. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, et al. GRADE guidelines 6. Rating the quality of evidence--imprecision. J Clin Epidemiol 2011;64:1283-93.
52. Viswanathan M, Berkman ND, Dryden DM, Hartling L. Assessing risk of bias and confounding in observational studies of interventions or exposures: further development of the RTI item bank. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2013.
53. Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, et al. The cochrane collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011;343:d5928.
54. Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ 2016;355.
55. Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Workgin Group. GRADE Handbook. Available from: http://gdt.guidelinedevelopment.org/central_prod/_design/client/handbook/handbook.html#h.fueh5iz0cor4. [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
56. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Sultan S, et al. GRADE guidelines: 9. Rating up the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol 2011;64:1311-6.
57. Figtree GA, Radholm K, Barrett TD, et al. Effects of canagliflozin on heart failure outcomes associated with preserved and reduced ejection fraction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2019;139:2591-3.
58. Kato ET, Silverman MG, Mosenzon O, et al. Effect of dapagliflozin on heart failure and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2019;139:2528-36.
59. Ponikowski P. Abraham W. Favourable effects of empagliflozin on congestion, diuretic use and all-cause healthcare resource utilisation in the EMPERIAL trials. European Society of Cardiology 365. 2020; HFA Discoveries. Available from: https://esc365.escardio.org/Congress/223730-favourable-effects-of-empagliflozin-on-congestion-diuretic-use-and-all-cause-healthcare-resource-utilisation-in-the-emperial-trials. [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
60. Lindenfeld J. Patient-reported outcomes with empagliflozin in the EMPERIAL trials. European Society of Cardiology 365. 2020; HFA Discoveries. Available from: https://esc365.escardio.org/Congress/223722-patient-reported-outcomes-with-empagliflozin-in-the-emperial-trials. [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
61. Boehringer Ingelheim. Boehringer Ingelheim and Lilly provide update on Jardiance® phase III exercise ability studies in chronic heart failure. 2019. Available from: https://wwwboehringer-ingelheimus/press-release/boehringer-ingelheim-and-lilly-provide-update-jardiance-phase-iii-exercise-ability. [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
62. Cosentino F, Cannon CP, Cherney DZI, et al. Efficacy of ertugliflozin on heart failure-related events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: results of the VERTIS CV trial. Circulation 2020; doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050255.
63. Mahaffey KW, Neal B, Perkovic V, et al. Canagliflozin for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: results from the CANVAS program (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study). Circulation 2018;137:323-34.
64. Matsutani D, Sakamoto M, Kayama Y, Takeda N, Horiuchi R, Utsunomiya K. Effect of canagliflozin on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018;17:73.
65. Sezai A, Sekino H, Unosawa S, Taoka M, Osaka S, Tanaka M. Canagliflozin for Japanese patients with chronic heart failure and type II diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019;18:76.
66. Singh JS, Fathi A, Vickneson K, et al. Research into the effect of sodium-glucose linked transporter inhibition in left ventricular remodelling in patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J 2018;Supplement 1(P905): American Diabetes Association meeting, Orlando. Available from: https://esc365.escardio.org/Congress/ESC-Congress-2018/Poster-Session-1-Chronic-heart-failure-Treatment/177516-research-into-the-effect-of-sodium-glucose-linked-transporter-inhibition-in-left-ventricular-remodelling-in-patients-with-heart-failure-and-diabetes-mellitus. [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
67. Bonora BM, Vigili de Kreutzenberg S, Avogaro A, Fadini GP. Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on cardiac function evaluated by impedance cardiography in patients with type 2 diabetes. Secondary analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019;18:106.
68. Verma S, Garg A, Yan AT, et al. Effect of empagliflozin on left ventricular mass and diastolic function in individuals with diabetes: an important clue to the EMPA-REG outcome trial? Diabetes Care 2016;39:e212-3.
69. Cannon CP, McGuire DK, Pratley R, et al. Design and baseline characteristics of the eValuation of ERTugliflozin effIcacy and safety cardiovascular outcomes trial (VERTIS-CV). Am Heart J 2018;206:11-23.
70. Cannon CP, Pratley R, Dagogo-Jack S, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with ertugliflozin in type 2 diabetes. New Engl J Med 2020;383:1425-35.
71. Sakai T, Miura S. Abstract 17041: effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor on vascular endothelial function and diastolic function in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (hfpef). Circulation 2017;136:A17041. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circ.136.suppl_1.17041. [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
72. Ejiri K, Miyoshi T, Kihara H, Hata Y, Nagano T, et al. Drug effect of luseogliflozin and voglibose on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in diabetic patients: a multicenter randomized-controlled trial. ESC Congress 2019. Available from: https://esc365.escardio.org/Congress/ESC-CONGRESS-2019/New-treatment-studies-in-heart-failure/196088-drug-effect-of-luseogliflozin-and-voglibose-on-heart-failure-with-preserved-ejection-fraction-in-diabetic-patients-a-multicenter-randomized-controlled-trial#abstract(Abstract: 1407). [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
73. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors. Postmarket Drug Safety Information for Patients and Providers 2020. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2-sglt2-inhibitors. [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
74. Ida S, Kaneko R, Imataka K, et al. Effects of oral antidiabetic drugs and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Heart Fail Rev 2020; doi: 10.1007/s10741-020-09936-w.
75. Zhang DP, Xu L, Wang LF, Wang HJ, Jiang F. Effects of antidiabetic drugs on left ventricular function/dysfunction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020;19:10.
76. White RD, Kirsch J, Bolen MA, Batlle JC, Brown RKJ, et al; Expert Panel on Cardiac Imaging. ACR Appropriateness Criteria((R)) Suspected New-Onset and Known Nonacute Heart Failure. J Am Coll Radiol 2018;15:S418-31.
77. Pieske B, Tschope C, de Boer RA, et al. How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: a consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur heart J 2019;40:3297-317.
78. Reddy YNV, Carter RE, Obokata M, Redfield MM, Borlaug BA. A simple, evidence-based approach to help guide diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation 2018;138:861-70.
79. Reddy YNV, Borlaug BA. Response by reddy and borlaug to letters regarding article, “a simple, evidence-based approach to help guide diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction”. Circulation 2019;139:992-3.
80. Obokata M, Reddy YNV, Borlaug BA. Diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: understanding mechanisms by using noninvasive methods. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020;13:245-57.
81. Wittbrodt ET, Eudicone JM, Bell KF, Enhoffer DM, Latham K, Green JB. Eligibility varies among the 4 sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor cardiovascular outcomes trials: implications for the general type 2 diabetes US population. Am J Manag Care 2018;24:S138-45.
82. Chetrit M, Cremer PC, Klein AL. Imaging of diastolic dysfunction in community-based epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials of HFpEF. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020;13:310-26.
83. Ho JE, Zern EK, Wooster L, et al. Differential clinical profiles, exercise responses, and outcomes associated with existing HFpEF definitions. Circulation 2019;140:353-65.
84. Oh JK, Miranda WR, Bird JG, Kane GC, Nagueh SF. The 2016 diastolic function guideline: is it already time to revisit or revise them? JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020;13:327-35.
85. van der Meer P, Gaggin HK, Dec GW. ACC/AHA versus ESC Guidelines on Heart Failure: JACC Guideline Comparison. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;73:2756-68.
86. Wallach JD, Sullivan PG, Trepanowski JF, Sainani KL, Steyerberg EW, Ioannidis JP. Evaluation of evidence of statistical support and corroboration of subgroup claims in randomized clinical trials. JAMA Int Med 2017;177:554-60.
87. Brookes ST, Whitley E, Peters TJ, Mulheran PA, Egger M, Davey Smith G. Subgroup analyses in randomised controlled trials: quantifying the risks of false-positives and false-negatives. Health Technol Assess 2001;5:1-56.
88. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American college of cardiology/american heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the heart failure society of America. J Cardiac Fail 2017;23:628-51.
89. Das SR, Everett BM, Birtcher KK, et al. 2020 expert consensus decision pathway on novel therapies for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes: a report of the american college of cardiology solution set oversight committee. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020;76:1117-45.
90. Seferovic PM, Coats AJS, Ponikowski P, et al. European society of cardiology/heart failure association position paper on the role and safety of new glucose-lowering drugs in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2020;22:196-213.
91. Yancy CW, Jessup M, et al; Writing Committee M. 2016 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update on new pharmacological therapy for heart failure: an update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American college of cardiology/american heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the heart failure society of America. Circulation 2016;134:e282-93.
92. Gunawan F, Nassif ME, Partridge C, Ahmad T, Kosiborod M, Inzucchi SE. Relative frequency of cardiology vs. endocrinology visits by type 2 diabetes patients with cardiovascular disease in the USA: implications for implementing evidence-based use of glucose-lowering medications. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2020;9:56-9.
93. Zoler ML. SGLT2 Inhibitors, developed for T2D, now ‘belong to cardiologists and nephrologists. MedScape. 2020; Medscape Medical News: Conference News: ADA 2020. Available from: https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/934107. [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
94. American Diabetes Association Position Statement 10. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of medical care in diabetes - 2020. Diabetes Care 2020;43:S111-34.
95. American Diabetes Association Position Statement 4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes - 2020. Diabetes Care 2020;43:S37-47.
96. Neumann PJ, Drummond MF, Jonsson B, Luce BR, Schwartz JS, et al; International Working Group for HTAA Advancement. Are key principles for improved health technology assessment supported and used by health technology assessment organizations? Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2010;26:71-8.
97. Kristensen FB, Lampe K, Chase DL, et al. Practical tools and methods for health technology assessment in Europe: structures, methodologies, and tools developed by the European Network for Health Technology Assessment, EUnetHTA. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2009;25:1-8.
98. World Health Organization. 2015 Global Survey on Health Technology Assessment by National Authorities. ISBN 978 92 4 150974 9. 2015. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-technology-assessment/MD_HTA_oct2015_final_web2.pdf?ua=1. [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
99. Fanourgiakis J, Kanoupakis E. Health technology assessment (HTA): a brief introduction of history and the current status in the field of cardiology under the economic crisis. J Evid Based Med 2015;8:161-4.
100. Elbarbary M. Health technology assessment (HTA) in cardiac field. J Saudi Heart Assoc 2010;22:77-84.
101. The International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment. The Uniquiness of INAHTA INAHTA Position Statement. 2020. Available from: https://www.inahta.org/position-statements/. [Last accessed on 16 Nov 2020].
102. Yaku H, Ozasa N, Morimoto T, et al. Demographics, management, and in-hospital outcome of hospitalized acute heart failure syndrome patients in contemporary real clinical practice in Japan- observations from the prospective, multicenter kyoto congestive heart failure (KCHF) registry. Circ J 2018;82:2811-9.
103. Parissis J, Farmakis D, Triposkiadis F. Heart failure registries: how far can we go? Euro J Heart Fail 2016;18:626-8.
104. Bassand JP, Apenteng PN, Atar D, et al. GARFIELD-AF: a worldwide prospective registry of patients with atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Future Cardiol 2020; doi: 10.2217/fca-2020-0014.
