REFERENCES
1. Langlands A, Dowdle R, Elliott A, Gaddie J, Graham A, et al. RCPE UK Consensus Statement on Acute Medicine, November 2008. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2009;70:S6-7.
2. Hall MJ, Levant S, DeFrances CJ. Trends in Inpatient Hospital Deaths: National Hospital Discharge Survey, 2000-2010 2013. Available from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1ba6/6dde91e1ef7e8f7eb80da6423cf572bc24ce.pdf. [Last accessed on 7 Aug 2020].
3. Conway R, Byrne D, O’Riordan D, Silke B. Comparative influence of acute illness severity and comorbidity on mortality. Eur J Intern Med 2020;72:42-6.
4. Walsh JB, Coakley D, Murphy C, Coakley JD, Boyle E, et al. Demographic profile of the elderly population in Dublin accident and emergency hospital catchment areas. Ir Med J 2004;97:84-6.
6. Alpert JS, Thygesen K, Antman E, Bassand JP. Myocardial infarction redefined--a consensus document of The Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:959-69.
7. Ammann P, Fehr T, Minder EI, Gunter C, Bertel O. Elevation of troponin I in sepsis and septic shock. Intensive Care Med 2001;27:965-9.
8. Baillard C, Boussarsar M, Fosse JP, Girou E, Le Toumelin P, et al. Cardiac troponin I in patients with severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intensive Care Med 2003;29:584-9.
9. Frankel WL, Herold DA, Ziegler TW, Fitzgerald RL. Cardiac troponin T is elevated in asymptomatic patients with chronic renal failure. Am J Clin Pathol 1996;106:118-23.
10. Giannitsis E, Muller-Bardorff M, Kurowski V, Weidtmann B, Wiegand U, et al. Independent prognostic value of cardiac troponin T in patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism. Circulation 2000;102:211-7.
11. Healey JS, Davies RF, Smith SJ, Davies RA, Ooi DS. Prognostic use of cardiac troponin T and troponin I in patients with heart failure. Can J Cardiol 2003;19:383-6.
12. James P, Ellis CJ, Whitlock RM, McNeil AR, Henley J, et al. Relation between troponin T concentration and mortality in patients presenting with an acute stroke: observational study. BMJ 2000;320:1502-4.
13. Kathiresan S, Servoss SJ, Newell JB, Trani D, MacGillivray TE, et al. Cardiac troponin T elevation after coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with increased one-year mortality. Am J Cardiol 2004;94:879-81.
14. Koutouzis M, Kontaras K, Sfyroeras G, Moulakakis K, Nikolidakis S, et al. Cardiac troponin I in patients with acute lower limb ischemia. Am J Cardiol 2007;100:728-30.
15. Moller N, Foss AC, Gravholt CH, Mortensen UM, Poulsen SH, et al. Myocardial injury with biomarker elevation in diabetic ketoacidosis. J Diabetes Complications 2005;19:361-3.
16. Nunes JP, Mota Garcia JM, Farinha RM, Carlos Silva J, et al. Cardiac troponin I in aortic valve disease. Int J Cardiol 2003;89:281-5.
17. Nunes JP, Silva JC, Maciel MJ. Troponin I in atrial fibrillation with no coronary atherosclerosis. Acta Cardiol 2004;59:345-6.
18. Smith SC, Ladenson JH, Mason JW, Jaffe AS. Elevations of cardiac troponin I associated with myocarditis. Experimental and clinical correlates. Circulation 1997;95:163-8.
19. Tung P, Kopelnik A, Banki N, Ong K, Ko N, et al. Predictors of neurocardiogenic injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 2004;35:548-51.
20. Waxman DA. Troponin I is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 2007;154:e27. author reply e9
21. Alcalai R, Planer D, Culhaoglu A, Osman A, Pollak A, et al. Acute coronary syndrome vs nonspecific troponin elevation: clinical predictors and survival analysis. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:276-81.
22. Rooney T, Moloney ED, Bennett K, O’Riordan D, Silke B. Impact of an acute medical admission unit on hospital mortality: a 5-year prospective study. QJM 2008;101:457-65.
23. Conway R, O’Riordan D, Silke B. Long-term outcome of an AMAU--a decade’s experience. Q J Med 2014;107:43-9.
24. Coary R, Byrne D, O’Riordan D, Conway R, Cournane S, et al. Does admission via an acute medical unit influence hospital mortality? 12 years’ experience in a large Dublin hospital. Acute Med 2014;13:152-8.
25. Conway R, Byrne D, O’Riordan D, Silke B. Outcomes in acute medicine - Evidence from extended observations on readmissions, hospital length of stay and mortality outcomes. Eur J Intern Med 2019;66:69-74.
26. Conway R, Byrne D, Cournane S, O’Riordan D, Silke B. Fifteen-year outcomes of an acute medical admission unit. Ir J Med Sci 2018;187:1097-105.
27. O’Loughlin R, Allwright S, Barry J, Kelly A, Teljeur C. Using HIPE data as a research and planning tool: limitations and opportunities. Ir J Med Sci 2005;174:40-5. discussion 52-7
28. O’Callaghan A, Colgan MP, McGuigan C, Smyth F, Haider N, et al. A critical evaluation of HIPE data. Ir Med J 2012;105:21-3.
29. Silke B, Kellett J, Rooney T, Bennett K, O’Riordan D. An improved medical admissions risk system using multivariable fractional polynomial logistic regression modelling. Q J Med 2010;103:23-32.
30. Courtney D, Conway R, Kavanagh J, O’Riordan D, Silke B. High-sensitivity troponin as an outcome predictor in acute medical admissions. Postgrad Med J 2014:1-7.
31. Chotirmall SH, Callaly E, Lyons J, O’Connell B, Kelleher M, et al. Blood cultures in emergency medical admissions: a key patient cohort. Eur J Emerg Med 2016;23:38-43.
32. Chotirmall SH, Picardo S, Lyons J, D’Alton M, O’Riordan D, et al. Disabling disease codes predict worse outcomes for acute medical admissions. Intern Med J 2014;44:546-53.
33. Kopelman PG, Sanderson AJ. Application of database systems in diabetes care. Med Inform (Lond) 1996;21:259-71.
34. Courtney D, Conway R, Kavanagh J, O’Riordan D, Silke B. High-sensitivity troponin as an outcome predictor in acute medical admissions. Postgrad Med J 2014;90:311-6.
35. Chin JL, O’Dowd S, Adnan WA, Bennett K, O’Riordan D, et al. Using the MDRD value as an outcome predictor in emergency medical admissions. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011;26:3155-9.
36. Kelly A, Teljeur C. SAHRU National Deprivation Index Trinity College, Dublin 2007. Available from: http://www.sahru.tcd.ie/services/deprivation/DeprivationFiles/WebReport07.pdf. [Last accessed on 7 Aug 2020].
38. Conway R, Byrne D, O’Riordan D, Silke B. Emergency readmissions are substantially determined by acute illness severity and chronic debilitating illness: a single centre cohort study. Eur J Intern Med 2015;26:12-7.
39. Conway R, Galvin S, Coveney S, O’Riordan D, Silke B. Deprivation as an outcome determinant in emergency medical admissions. QJM 2013;106:245-51.
40. Conway R, Byrne D, O’Riordan D, Silke B. Comparative influence of acute illness severity and comorbidity on mortality. Eur J Intern Med 2020;72:42-6.
41. Conway R, Byrne D, O’Riordan D, Cournane S, Coveney S, et al. Deprivation index and dependency ratio are key determinants of emergency medical admission rates. Eur J Intern Med 2015;26:709-13.
42. Khan NA, Hemmelgarn BR, Tonelli M, Thompson CR, Levin A. Prognostic value of troponin T and I among asymptomatic patients with end-stage renal disease: a meta-analysis. Circulation 2005;112:3088-96.
43. Nunes JP, Mota Garcia JM, Farinha RM, Carlos Silva J, Magalhães D, et al. Cardiac troponin I in aortic valve disease. Int J Cardiol 2003;89:281-5.
44. Goriki Y, Tanaka A, Nishihira K, Kawaguchi A, Natsuaki M, et al. A novel predictive model for in-hospital mortality based on a combination of multiple blood variables in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. J Clin Med 2020;9:852.
45. Siciliano RF, Gualandro DM, Sommer Bittencourt M, Paixao M, Marcondes-Braga F, et al. Biomarkers for prediction of mortality in left-sided infective endocarditis. Int J Infect Dis 2020;96:25-30.
46. Peacock WF, De Marco T, Fonarow GC, Diercks D, Wynne J, et al. Cardiac troponin and outcome in acute heart failure. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2117-26.
47. Aimo A, Januzzi JL Jr, Vergaro G, Ripoli A, Latini R, et al. Prognostic value of high-sensitivity troponin T in chronic heart failure: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Circulation 2018;137:286-97.
48. Relos R, Hasinoff I, Beilman G. Moderately elevated serum troponin concentrations are associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates in surgical intensive care unit patients. Critical Care Medicine 2003;31:2598-603.
49. Bajwa E, Boyce P, Januzzi J, Gong M, Thompson B, et al. Biomarker evidence of myocardial cell injury is associated with mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2007;35:2484-90.
50. Csecsei P, Pusch G, Ezer E, Berki T, Szapary L, et al. Relationship between cardiac troponin and thrombo-inflammatory molecules in prediction of outcome after acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018;27:951-6.
51. He Y, Liu Q, Wang J, Wang DW, Ding H, et al. Prognostic value of elevated cardiac troponin I in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Clin Cardiol 2020;43:338-45.
52. Vasile V, Babuin L, Perez J, Alegria J, Song L, et al. Long-term prognostic significance of elevated cardiac troponin levels in critically ill patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Crit Care Med 2009;37:140-7.
53. Humble CAS, Huang S, Jammer I, Bjork J, Chew MS. Prognostic performance of preoperative cardiac troponin and perioperative changes in cardiac troponin for the prediction of major adverse cardiac events and mortality in noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019;14:e0215094.
54. Otsuka K, Nakanishi K, Shimada K, Nakamura H, Inanami H, et al. Ankle-brachial index, arterial stiffness, and biomarkers in the prediction of mortality and outcomes in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Clin Cardiol 2019;42:656-62.
55. Firth C, Kaur T, Chakkera H, Zhang N, Shamoun F, et al. Cardiac troponin t and right ventricular systolic pressure predict cardiovascular and mortality risk in kidney transplant candidates. Am J Nephrol 2019;50:434-43.
