REFERENCES
2. Tuder RM. Pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Cell Tissue Res 2017;367:643-9.
3. Galiè N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, Gibbs S, Lang I, Torbicki A, Simonneau G, Peacock A, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Beghetti M, Ghofrani A, Gomez Sanchez MA, Hansmann G, Klepetko W, Lancellotti P, Matucci M, McDonagh T, Pierard LA, Trindade PT, Zompatori M, Hoeper M. 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: the joint task force for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Respir J 2015;46:903-75.
4. Guignabert C, Tu L, Girerd B, Ricard N, Huertas A, Montani D, Humbert M. New molecular targets of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension: importance of endothelial communication. Chest 2015;147:529-37.
5. Batton KA, Austin CO, Bruno KA, Burger CD, Shapiro BP, Fairweather D. Sex differences in pulmonary arterial hypertension: role of infection and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of disease. Biol Sex Differ 2018;9:15.
6. Machado RD, Southgate L, Eichstaedt CA, Aldred MA, Austin ED, Best DH, Chung WK, Benjamin N, Elliott CG, Eyries M, Fischer C, Gräf S, Hinderhofer K, Humbert M, Keiles SB, Loyd JE, Morrell NW, Newman JH, Soubrier F, Trembath RC, Viales RR, Grünig E. Pulmonary arterial hypertension: a current perspective on established and emerging molecular genetic defects. Hum Mutat 2015;36:1113-27.
7. Gao Y, Cornfield DN, Stenmark KR, Thébaud B, Abman SH, Raj JU. Unique aspects of the developing lung circulation: structural development and regulation of vasomotor tone. Pulm Circ 2016;6:407-25.
9. Keverne EB. Genomic imprinting, action, and interaction of maternal and fetal genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015;112:6834-40.
10. Balistreri (Ed CR. ). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in ageing and age-related diseases: from their physiological and pathological implications to translation in personalized medicine. Mech Ageing Dev 2016;159:1-80.
11. Balistrieri CR. Endothelial progenitor cells. Basel: Springer International Publishing; 2017. pp. 1-80.
12. Regina C, Panatta E, Candi E, Melino G, Amelio I, Balistreri CR, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Di Daniele N, Ruvolo G. Vascular ageing and endothelial cell senescence: molecular mechanisms of physiology and diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2016;159:14-21.
13. Madonna R, Novo G, Balistreri CR. Cellular and molecular basis of the imbalance between vascular damage and repair in ageing and age-related diseases: as biomarkers and targets for new treatments. Mech Ageing Dev 2016;159:22-30.
14. Pearce WJ, Khorram O. Maturation and differentiation of the fetal vasculature. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2013;56:537-48.
15. Adeoye OO, Bouthors V, Hubbell MC, Williams JM, Pearce WJ. VEGF receptors mediate hypoxic remodeling of adult ovine carotid arteries. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014;117:777-87.
16. Yzydorczyk C, Armengaud JB, Peyter AC, Chehade H, Cachat F, Juvet C, Siddeek B, Simoncini S, Sabatier F, Dignat-George F, Mitanchez D, Simeoni U. Endothelial dysfunction in individuals born after fetal growth restriction: cardiovascular and renal consequences and preventive approaches. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017;8:448-64.
17. Muñoz-Muñoz EC, Krause BJ, Uauy R, Casanello P. LGA-newborn from patients with pregestational obesity present reduced adiponectin-mediated vascular relaxation and endothelial dysfunction in fetoplacental arteries. J Cell Physiol 2018;233:6723-33.
18. Oliveira V, de Souza LV, Fernandes T, Junior SDS, de Carvalho MHC, Akamine EH, Michelini LC, de Oliveira EM, Franco MDC. Intrauterine growth restriction-induced deleterious adaptations in endothelial progenitor cells: possible mechanism to impair endothelial function. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017;8:665-73.
19. Menendez-Castro C, Rascher W, Hartner A. Intrauterine growth restriction-impact on cardiovascular diseases later in life. Mol Cell Pediatr 2018;5:4.
20. Musa MG, Torrens C, Clough GF. The microvasculature: a target for nutritional programming and later risk of cardio-metabolic disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014;210:31-45.
21. Berger J, Bhandari V. Animal models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The term mouse models. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014;307:L936-47.
22. Papamatheakis DG, Chundu M, Blood AB, Wilson SM. Prenatal programming of pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia or ductal ligation in sheep. Pulm Circ 2013;3(4):757-80.
23. Blood AB, Terry MH, Merritt TA, Papamatheakis DG, Blood Q, Ross JM, Power GG, Longo LD, Wilson SM. Effect of chronic perinatal hypoxia on the role of rho-kinase in pulmonary artery contraction in newborn lambs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013;304:R136-46.
24. Fediuk J, Sikarwar AS, Nolette N, Dakshinamurti S. Thromboxane-induced actin polymerization in hypoxic neonatal pulmonary arterial myocytes involves Cdc42 signaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014;307:L877-87.
25. Yang Q, Lu Z, Ramchandran R, Longo LD, Raj JU. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in fetal lambs acclimatized to high-altitude long-term hypoxia: role of histone acetylation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012;303:L1001-10.
26. Yee M, White RJ, Awad HA, Bates WA, McGrath-Morrow SA, O'Reilly MA. Neonatal hyperoxia causes pulmonary vascular disease and shortens life span in aging mice. Am J Pathol 2011;178:2601-10.
27. Goss KN, Cucci AR, Fisher AJ, Albrecht M, Frump A, Tursunova R, Gao Y, Brown MB, Petrache I, Tepper RS, Ahlfeld SK, Lahm T. Neonatal hyperoxic lung injury favorably alters adult right ventricular remodeling response to chronic hypoxia exposure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015;308:L797-806.
28. Scherrer U, Allemann Y, Rexhaj E, Rimoldi SF, Sartori C. Mechanisms and drug therapy of pulmonary hypertension at high altitude. High Alt Med Biol 2013;14:126-33.
29. Allemann Y, Stuber T, de Marchi SF, Rexhaj E, Sartori C, Scherrer U, Rimoldi SF. Pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac function in children and adolescents after rapid ascent to 3,450 m. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012;302:H2646-53.
30. Sartori C, Rimoldi SF, Rexhaj E, Allemann Y, Scherrer U. Epigenetics in cardiovascular regulation. Adv Exp Med Biol 2016;903:55-62.
31. Rexhaj E, Bloch J, Jayet PY, Rimoldi SF, Dessen P, Mathieu C, Tolsa JF, Nicod P, Scherrer U, Sartori C. Fetal programming of pulmonary vascular dysfunction in mice: role of epigenetic mechanisms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011;301:H247-52.
32. de Wijs-Meijler DP, Duncker DJ, Tibboel D, Schermuly RT, Weissmann N, Merkus D, Reiss IKM. Oxidative injury of the pulmonary circulation in the perinatal period: short- and long-term consequences for the human cardiopulmonary system. Pulm Circ 2017;7:55-66.
33. Hussain M, Xu C, Ahmad M, Yang Y, Lu M, Wu X, Tang L, Wu X. Notch signaling: linking embryonic lung development and asthmatic airway remodeling. Mol Pharmacol 2017;92:676-93.
34. Koch CD, Gladwin MT, Freeman BA, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Morris A. Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health. Free Radic Biol Med 2017;105:48-67.
35. Balistreri CR. Anti-inflamm-ageing and/or anti-age-related disease emerging treatments: a historical alchemy or revolutionary effective procedures? Mediators Inflamm 2018;2018:3705389.
36. Nasello M, Schirò G, Crapanzano F, Balistreri CR. Stem cells and other emerging agents as innovative "drugs" in neurodegenerative diseases: benefits and limitations. Rejuvenation Res 2018;21:123-40.
37. Chatzi L, Rifas-Shiman SL, Georgiou V, Joung KE, Koinaki S, Chalkiadaki G, Margioris A, Sarri K, Vassilaki M, Vafeiadi M, Kogevinas M, Mantzoros C, Gillman MW, Oken E. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and offspring adiposity and cardiometabolic traits in childhood. Pediatr Obes 2017;12:47-56.
38. Saunders L, Guldner L, Costet N, Kadhel P, Rouget F, Monfort C, Thomé JP, Multigner L, Cordier S. Effect of a Mediterranean diet during pregnancy on fetal growth and preterm delivery: results from a French Caribbean Mother-Child Cohort Study (TIMOUN). Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2014;28:235-44.
39. Christian P, Mullany LC, Hurley KM, Katz J, Black RE. Nutrition and maternal, neonatal, and child health. Semin Perinatol 2015;39:361-72.
40. Astorga CR, González-Candia A, Candia AA, Figueroa EG, Ca-as D, Ebensperger G, Reyes RV, Llanos AJ, Herrera EA. Melatonin decreases pulmonary vascular remodeling and oxygen sensitivity in pulmonary hypertensive newborn lambs. Front Physiol 2018;9:185.
41. Torres F, González-Candia A, Montt C, Ebensperger G, Chubretovic M, Serón-Ferré M, Reyes RV, Llanos AJ, Herrera EA. Melatonin reduces oxidative stress and improves vascular function in pulmonary hypertensive newborn sheep. J Pineal Res 2015;58:362-73.
42. Maarman GJ. Natural antioxidants as potential therapy, and a promising role for melatonin against pulmonary hypertension. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017;967:161-78.
43. Hung MW, Yeung HM, Lau CF, Poon AMS, Tipoe GL, Fung ML. Melatonin attenuates pulmonary hypertension in chronically hypoxic rats. Int J Mol Sci 2017;18:pii: E1125.
44. Sun H, Gusdon AM, Qu S. Effects of melatonin on cardiovascular diseases: progress in the past year. Curr Opin Lipidol 2016;27:408-13.
45. Maarman G, Blackhurst D, Thienemann F, Blauwet L, Butrous G, Davies N, Sliwa K, Lecour S. Melatonin as a preventive and curative therapy against pulmonary hypertension. J Pineal Res 2015;59:343-53.
46. Jin H, Wang Y, Zhou L, Liu L, Zhang P, Deng W, Yuan Y. Melatonin attenuates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by inhibiting the inflammation and the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. J Pineal Res 2014;57:442-50.
47. Zhu B, Zhang L, Fan YY, Wang L, Li XG, Liu T, Cao YS, Zhao ZG. Metformin versus insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Ir J Med Sci 2016;185:371-81.
48. Wang Y, Yan L, Zhang Z, Prado E, Fu L, Xu X, Du L. Epigenetic regulation and its therapeutic potential in pulmonary hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2018;9:241.
49. Li Y, Gonzalez P, Zhang L. Fetal stress and programming of hypoxic/ischemic-sensitive phenotype in the neonatal brain: mechanisms and possible interventions. Prog Neurobiol 2012;98:145-65.
50. Workalemahu T, Grantz KL, Grewal J, Zhang C, Louis GMB, Tekola-Ayele F. Genetic and environmental influences on fetal growth vary during sensitive periods in pregnancy. Sci Rep 2018;8:7274.
51. Tanabe N, Kawakami T, Satoh T, Matsubara H, Nakanishi N, Ogino H, Tamura Y, Tsujino I, Ogawa A, Sakao S, Nishizaki M, Ishida K, Ichimura Y, Yoshida M, Tatsumi K. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a systematic review. Respir Investig 2018;56:332-41.
