REFERENCES
1. Bergan A. Ancient myth, modern reality: a brief history of transplantation. J Biocommun 1997;24:2-9.
3. Linden PK. History of solid organ transplantation and organ donation. Crit Care Clin 2009;25:165-84.
4. Goodrich JT. The ancient art of trepanation--a Greek Bronze Age “hole in the skull”. World Neurosurg 2014;81:296-7.
5. Gutkind L. Many sleepless nights: the world of organ transplantation. Norton & Company; 1988.
6. Hewitt CW, Gordon CR, Lee WPA. Transplantation of composite tissue allografts. New York: Springer; 2008.
7. Crawford AZ, Patel DV, McGhee CNJ. A brief history of corneal transplantation: from ancient to modern. Oman J Ophthalmol 2013;6:S12-7.
9. Merchant J, Tan SY. Alexis Carrel (1873-1944): pioneer of vascular surgery and organ transplantation. Singapore Med J 2013;54:602-3.
10. Aida L. Alexis Carrel (1873-1944): visionary vascular surgeon and pioneer in organ transplantation. J Med Biogr 2014;22:172-5.
11. Sade RM. Transplantation at 100 years: Alexis Carrel, pioneer surgeon. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;80:2415-8.
13. Cooper DKC, Kemp E, Platt JL, White DJG. Xenotransplantation. Berlin: Springer; 1997.
14. Barker CF, Markmann JF. Historical overview of transplantation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013;3:a014977.
16. Brent LB. A history of transplantation immunology. Los Angeles Press; 2005.
17. Anderson D, Billingham RE, Lampkin GH, Medawar PB. The use of skin grafting to distinguish between monozygotic and dizygotic twins in cattle. Heredity 1951;5:379.
18. Billingham RE, Brent L, Medawar PB. Actively acquired tolerance of foreign cells. Nature 1953;172:603-6.
19. Harrison JH, Merrill JP, Murray JE. Renal homotransplantation in identical twins. Surg Forum 1956;6:432-6.
20. Calne RY. The rejection of renal homografts. Inhibition in dogs by 6-mercaptopurine. Lancet 1960;1:417-8.
21. Hamilton D, Barker CF, Starzl TE. A history of organ transplantation. Pittsburgh Press; 2012.
22. Hill RB Jr, Dahrling BE II, Starzl TE, Rifkind D. Death after transplantation. Am J Med 1967;42:327-34.
23. Waksman BH, Arbouys S, Arnason BG. The use of specific “lymphocyte” antisera to inhibit hypersensitive reactions of the “delayed” type. J Exp Med 1961;114:997-1022.
24. Woodruff MF, Anderson NA. Effect of lymphocyte depletion by thoracic duct fistula and administration of antilymphocytic serum on the survival of skin homografts in rats. Nature 1963;200:702.
25. Levey RH, Medawar PB. Nature and mode of action of antilymphocytic antiserum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1966;56:1130-7.
26. Starzl TE, Marchioro TL, Porter KA, Iwasaki Y, Cerilli GJ. The use of heterologous antilymphoid agents in canine renal and liver homotransplantation and in human renal homotransplantation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1967;124:301-8.
27. Weisse AB. Medical odysseys. New Jersey Press; 1991.
29. Lewis FJ, Taufic M. Closure of atrial septal defects with the aid of hypothermia; experimental accomplishments and the report of one successful case. Surgery 1953;33:52-9.
30. Lillehei CW, Varco RL, Cohen M, Warden HE, Patton C, et al. The first open-heart repairs of ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular communis, and tetralogy of Fallot using extracorporeal circulation by cross-circulation: a 30-year follow-up. Ann Thorac Surg 1986;41:4-21.
32. Kirklin JW, Dushane JW, Patrick RT, Donald DE, Hetzel PS, et al. Intracardiac surgery with the aid of a mechanical pump-oxygenator system (gibbon type): report of eight cases. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin 1955;30:201-6.
33. Dewall RA, Gott VL, Lillehei CW, Read RC, Varco RL, et al. A simple, expendable, artificial oxygenator for open heart surgery. Surg Clin North Am 1956:1025-34.
34. Konstantinov IE, Robert H. Goetz: the surgeon who performed the first successful clinical coronary artery bypass operation. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;69:1966-72.
35. Mann FC, Priestley JT, Markowitz JJ, Yater WM. Transplantation of the intact mammalian heart. Arch Surg 1933;26:219-24.
36. Shumacker HB Jr. A surgeon to remember: notes about Vladimir Demikhov. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:1196-8.
38. Marcus E, Wong SN, Luisada AA. Homologous heart grafts; transplantation of the heart in dogs. Surg Forum 1951:212-7.
39. Cooper DK. Transplantation of the heart and both lungs. I. Historical review. Thorax 1969;24:383-90.
40. Piciche M, Carpentier A. Dawn and evolution of cardiac procedures. New York; 2013.
41. Webb WR, Howard HS, Neely WA. Practical methods of homologous cardiac transplantation. J Thorac Surg 1959;37:361-6.
43. Lower RR, Shumway NE. Studies on orthotopic homotransplantation of the canine heart. Surg Forum 1960;11:18-9.
44. Lower RR, Stofer RC, Shumway NE. Homovital transplantation of the heart. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1961;41:196-204.
45. Reemtsma K, Williamson WE Jr, Iglesias F, Pena E, Sayegh SF, et al. Studies in homologous canine heart transplantation:prolongation of survival with a folic acid antagonist. Surgery 1962;52:127-33.
46. Blumenstock DA, Hechtman HB, Collins JA, Jaretzki A 3rd, Hosbein JD, et al. Prolonged survival of orthotopic homotransplants of the heart in animals treated with methotrexate. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1963;46:616-25.
47. A definition of irreversible coma. Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to examine the definition of brain death. Jama 1968;205:337-40.
48. Hardy JD, Kurrus FD, Chavez CM, Neely WA, Eraslan S, et al. Heart transplantation in man. Developmental studies and report of a case. Jama 1964;188:1132-40.
49. Kalra A, Seth S, Hote M, Airan B. The story of heart transplantation: from cape town to cape comorin. J Pract Cardiovasc Sci 2016;2:120-5.
50. Barnard CN. The operation. A human cardiac transplant: an interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. S Afr Med J 1967;41:1271-4.
51. Kantrowitz A, Haller JD, Joos H, Cerruti MM, Carstensen HE. Transplantation of the heart in an infant and an adult. Am J Cardiol 1968;22:782-90.
52. Stinson EB, Dong E, Schroeder JS, Harrison DC, Shumway NE. Initial clinical experience with heart transplantation. Am J Cardiol 1968;22:791-803.
54. Cooley DA, Bloodwell RD, Hallman GL, Leachman RD, Nora JJ, et al. Cardiac transplantation: general considerations and results. Ann Surg 1969;169:892-905.
55. Patel R, Terasaki PI. Significance of the positive crossmatch test in kidney transplantation. N Engl J Med 1969;280:735-9.
57. DiBardino DJ. The history and development of cardiac transplantation. Tex Heart Inst J 1999;26:198-205.
58. Griepp RB, Stinson EB, Dong E, Clark DA, Shumway NE. Acute rejection of the allografted human heart: diagnosis and treatment. Ann Thorac Surg 1971;12:113-26.
59. Clark DA, Stinson EB, Griepp RB, Schroeder JS, Shumway NE, et al. Cardiac transplantation in man: Vi. prognosis of patients selected for cardiac transplantation. Ann Intern Med 1971;75:15-21.
60. Nishikawa T, Sekiguchi M, Ishibashi-Ueda H. More than 50 years after Konno’s development of the endomyocardial biopsy. Int Heart J 2017;58:840-6.
61. Caves PK, Stinson EB, Graham AF, Billingham ME, Grehl TM, et al. Percutaneous transvenous endomyocardial biopsy. JAMA 1973;225:288-91.
62. Melvin KR, Mason JW. Endomyocardial biopsy: its history, techniques and current indications. CMAJ 1982;126:1381-6.
63. Caves P, Billingham M, Stinson E, Shumway N. Serial transvenous biopsy of the transplanted human heart improved management of acute rejection episodes. Lancet 1974;303:821-6.
64. Borel JF, Feurer C, Gubler HU, Stahelin H. Biological effects of cyclosporin A: a new antilymphocytic agent. Agents Actions 1976;6:468-75.
65. Calne RY, White DJG, Rolles K, Smith DP, Herbertson BM. Prolonged survival of pig orthotopic heart grafts treated with cyclosporin A. Lancet 1978;311:1183-5.
66. Morris T. The matter of the heart. London; 2017.
68. English T. Follow your star. Indiana; 2011.
69. Myers BD, Ross J, Newton L, Luetscher J, Perlroth M. Cyclosporine-associated chronic nephropathy. NEJM 1984;311:699-705.
71. European Multicentre Trial G. Cyclosporin in cadaveric renal transplantation: one-year follow-up of a multicentre trial. Lancet 1983;2:986-9.
74. Starzl TE, Todo S, Fung J, Demetris AJ, Venkataramman R, et al. FK 506 for liver, kidney, and pancreas transplantation. Lancet 1989;2:1000-4.
75. Jurcevic S, Dunn MJ, Crisp S, Busing K, Rinaldi M, et al. A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure anti-endothelial antibodies after cardiac transplantation demonstrates greater inhibition of antibody formation by tacrolimus compared with cyclosporine. Transplantation 1998;65:1197-202.
76. Behr TM, Richter K, Fischer P, Spes CH, Meiser B, et al. Incidence of humoral rejection in heart transplant recipients treated with tacrolimus or cyclosporine A. Transplant Proc 1998;30:1920-1.
77. Wang CH, Ko WJ, Chou NK, Wang SS. Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus in cardiac transplant recipients: a comparison with cyclosporine neoral. Transplant Proc 2004;36:2386-7.
78. Reichart B, Meiser B, Vigano M, Rinaldi M, Martinelli L, et al. European Multicenter Tacrolimus (FK506) heart pilot study: one-year results--European Tacrolimus Multicenter Heart Study Group. J Heart Lung Transplant 1998;17:775-81.
79. Taylor DO, Barr ML, Radovancevic B, Renlund DG, Mentzer RM Jr, et al. A randomized, multicenter comparison of tacrolimus and cyclosporine immunosuppressive regimens in cardiac transplantation: decreased hyperlipidemia and hypertension with tacrolimus. J Heart Lung Transplant 1999;18:336-45.
80. Cooney GF, Jeevanandam V, Choudhury S, Feutren G, Mueller EA, et al. Comparative bioavailability of neoral and sandimmune in cardiac transplant recipients over 1 year. Transplant Proc 1998;30:1892-4.
81. Eisen HJ, Hobbs RE, Davis SF, Carrier M, Mancini DM, et al. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of cyclosporine microemulsion in heart transplant recipients: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind comparison with the oil-based formulation of cyclosporine--results at 24 months after transplantation. Transplantation 2001;71:70-8.
82. Grimm M, Rinaldi M, Yonan NA, Arpesella G, Arizón Del Prado JM, et al. Superior prevention of acute rejection by tacrolimus vs. cyclosporine in heart transplant recipients - a large European trial. Am J Transplant 2006;6:1387-97.
83. Kobashigawa JA, Patel J, Furukawa H, Moriguchi JD, Yeatman L, et al. Five-year results of a randomized, single-center study of tacrolimus vs microemulsion cyclosporine in heart transplant patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006;25:434-9.
84. Allison AC, Eugui EM. Mycophenolate mofetil and its mechanisms of action. Immunopharmacology 2000;47:85-118.
85. Eisen HJ, Kobashigawa J, Keogh A, Bourge R, Renlund D, et al. Three-year results of a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine in cardiac transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005;24:517-25.
86. MacKeigan JP, Krueger DA. Differentiating the mTOR inhibitors everolimus and sirolimus in the treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex. Neuro-Oncology 2015;17:1550-9.
87. Kobashigawa JA, Pauly DF, Starling RC, Eisen H, Ross H, et al. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy by intravascular ultrasound in heart transplant patients: substudy from the everolimus versus mycophenolate mofetil randomized, multicenter trial. JACC Heart Fail 2013;1:389-99.
88. Andreassen AK, Andersson B, Gustafsson F, Eiskjaer H, Radegran G, et al. Everolimus initiation and early calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal in heart transplant recipients: a randomized trial. Am J Transplant 2014;14:1828-38.
89. Wlodarczyk Z, Vitko S, Salmela K, Czajkowski Z, Margreiter R. Lipid metabolism in renal transplant patients receiving tacrolimus/sirolimus combination therapy. Transplant Proc 2005;37:1871-3.
90. Lindenfeld J, Miller GG, Shakar SF, Zolty R, Lowes BD, et al. Drug therapy in the heart transplant recipient: part II: immunosuppressive drugs. Circulation 2004;110:3858-65.
91. Tenderich G, Fuchs U, Zittermann A, Muckelbauer R, Berthold HK, et al. Comparison of sirolimus and everolimus in their effects on blood lipid profiles and haematological parameters in heart transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2007;21:536-43.
92. Wahlers T. Cytolytic induction therapy in heart and lung transplantation: the protagonist opinion. Transplant Proc 1998;30:1100-3.
93. Odim J, Wheat J, Laks H, Kobashigawa J, Gjertson D, et al. Peri-operative renal function and outcome after orthotopic heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006;25:162-6.
94. Wahlers T, Cremer J, Fleguth HG, Jurmann M, Herrmann G, et al. Adjusted triple drug immunosuppression and kidney function following heart transplantation. Transplant Proc 1989;21:2492-3.
95. Kobashigawa JA, Miller LW, Russell SD, Ewald GA, Zucker MJ, et al. Tacrolimus with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or sirolimus vs. cyclosporine with MMF in cardiac transplant patients: 1-year report. Am J Transplant 2006;6:1377-86.
96. Kobashigawa J, Ross H, Bara C, Delgado JF, Dengler T, et al. Everolimus is associated with a reduced incidence of cytomegalovirus infection following de novo cardiac transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2013;15:150-62.
97. Euvrard S, Boissonnat P, Roussoulières A, Kanitakis J, Decullier E, et al. Effect of everolimus on skin cancers in calcineurin inhihitor-treated heart transplant recipients. Transpl Int 2010;23:855-7.
98. Eisen HJ, Kobashigawa J, Starling RC, Pauly DF, Kfoury A, et al. Everolimus versus mycophenolate mofetil in heart transplantation: a randomized, multicenter trial. Am J Transplant 2013;13:1203-16.
99. Mehra MR, Canter CE, Hannan MM, Semigran MJ, Uber PA, et al. The 2016 international society for heart lung transplantation listing criteria for heart transplantation: a 10-year update. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016;35:1-23.
100. Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JGF, et al. 2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 2016;37:2129-200.
101. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE Jr, et al. 2016 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update on new pharmacological therapy for heart failure: an update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation 2016;134:e282-93.
102. Dorent R, Gandjbakhch E, Goéminne C, Ivanes F, Sebbag L, et al. Assessment of potential heart donors: a statement from the French heart transplant community. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2017; doi: 10.1016/j.acvd.2017.12.001.
103. Copeland JG. Only optimal donors should be accepted for heart transplantation: protagonist. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:1038-42.
104. Brock MV, Salazar JD, Cameron DE, Baumgartner WA, Conte JV. The changing profile of the cardiac donor. J Heart Lung Transplant 2001;20:1005-9.
105. NHS Blood and Transplant. Transplant Activity in the UK, 2016-2017. NHS Blood and Transplant; 2017.
106. Cooper DK, Keogh AM, Brink J, Corris PA, Klepetko W, et al. Report of the Xenotransplantation Advisory Committee of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: the present status of xenotransplantation and its potential role in the treatment of end-stage cardiac and pulmonary diseases. J Heart Lung Transplant 2000;19:1125-65.
107. Thompson JF, Wood RF, Cahill AP, Franklin PM, Morris PJ. Kidney transplantation and seat belt legislation. BMJ (Clinical research ed) 1983;287:1260-1.
108. Calil AM, Sallum EA, Domingues Cde A, Nogueira Lde S. Mapping injuries in traffic accident victims: a literature review. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2009;17:120-5.
109. Mercer P, Sharples L, Edmunds J, Gittins R, Baines J, et al. Evaluating the donor pool: impact of using hearts from donors over the age of 49 years. Transplant Proc 1997;29:3293-6.
110. Young JB. Age before beauty: the use of “older” donor hearts for cardiac transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1999;18:488-91.
111. Silva SFR, Silva SL, Nascimento AC, Parente MM, Albuquerque CA, et al. Profile of organ donors in Ceará, northeastern Brazil, from 1998 to 2012. Transplant Proc 2014;46:1692-4.
112. Rodrigues SdLL, Ferraz Neto JB-HdE, Sardinha LAdC, Araujo S, Zambelli HJL, et al. Profile of effective donors from organ and tissue procurement services. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2014;26:21-7.
113. Drinkwater DC, Laks H, Blitz A, Kobashigawa J, Sabad A, et al. Outcomes of patients undergoing transplantation with older donor hearts. J Heart Lung Transplant 1996;15:684-91.
114. Bennett LE, Edwards EB, Hosenpud JD. Transplantation with older donor hearts for presumed “stable” recipients: an analysis of the Joint International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation/United Network for Organ Sharing Thoracic Registry. J Heart Lung Transplant 1998;17:901-5.
115. Massad MG, Smedira NG, Hobbs RE, Hoercher K, Vandervoort P, et al. Bench repair of donor mitral valve before heart transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61:1833-5.
116. Marelli D, Laks H, Fazio D, Moore S, Moriguchi J, et al. The use of donor hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2000;19:496-503.
117. Hornik L, Tenderich G, Wlost S, Zittermann A, Minami K, et al. Organs from donors with primary brain malignancy: the fate of cardiac allograft recipients. Transplant Proc 2004;36:3133-7.
118. Banner NR, Bonser RS, Clark AL, Clark S, Cowburn PJ, et al. UK guidelines for referral and assessment of adults for heart transplantation. Heart 2011;97:1520-7.
119. Stewart GC, Mehra MR. A history of devices as an alternative to heart transplantation. Heart Fail Clin 2014;10:S1-12.
120. Wilhelm MJ. Long-term outcome following heart transplantation: current perspective. J Thorac Dis 2015;7:549-51.
121. Lund LH, Edwards LB, Kucheryavaya AY, Benden C, Christie JD, et al. The registry of the international society for heart and lung transplantation: thirty-first official adult heart transplant report--2014; focus theme: retransplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014;33:996-1008.
123. Lund LH, Edwards LB, Dipchand AI, Goldfarb S, Kucheryavaya AY, et al. The registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: thirty-third adult heart transplantation report-2016; focus theme: primary diagnostic indications for transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016;35:1158-69.
