REFERENCES
1. St John AL, Abraham SN. Innate immunity and its regulation by mast cells. J Immunol 2013;190:4458-63.
2. Kennedy S, Wu J, Wadsworth RM, Lawrence CE, Maffia P. Mast cells and vascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2013;138:53-65.
3. Sun J, Sukhova GK, Wolters PJ, Yang M, Kitamoto S, Libby P, MacFarlane LA, Mallen-St Clair J, Shi GP. Mast cells promote atherosclerosis by releasing proinflammatory cytokines. Nat Med 2007;13:719-24.
4. Zhang J, Sun J, Lindholt JS, Sukhova GK, Sinnamon M, Stevens RL, Adachi R, Libby P, Thompson RW, Shi GP. Mast cell tryptase deficiency attenuates mouse abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Circ Res 2011;108:1316-27.
5. de Vries MR, Wezel A, Schepers A, van Santbrink PJ, Woodruff TM, Niessen HW, Hamming JF, Kuiper J, Bot I, Quax PH. Complement factor C5a as mast cell activator mediates vascular remodelling in vein graft disease. Cardiovasc Res 2013;97:311-20.
6. Bot I, Shi GP, Kovanen PT. Mast cells as effectors in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015;35:265-71.
7. Bot I, de Jager SC, Zernecke A, Lindstedt KA, van Berkel TJ, Weber C, Biessen EA. Perivascular mast cells promote atherogenesis and induce plaque destabilization in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation 2007;115:2516-25.
8. Wang J, Sjöberg S, Tia V, Secco B, Chen H, Yang M, Sukhova GK, Shi GP. Pharmaceutical stabilization of mast cells attenuates experimental atherogenesis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2013;229:304-9.
9. Tang Y, Yang Y, Wang S, Huang T, Tang C, Xu Z, Sun YH. Mast cell degranulator compound 48-80 promotes atherosclerotic plaque in apolipoprotein E knockout mice with perivascular common carotid collar placement. Chin Med J (Engl) 2009;122:319-25.
10. Grimbaldeston MA, Chen CC, Piliponsky AM, Tsai M, Tam SY, Galli SJ. Mast cell-deficient W-sash c-kit mutant Kit W-sh/W-sh mice as a model for investigating mast cell biology in vivo. Am J Pathol 2005;167:835-48.
11. Wu J, Zhang C. Neointimal hyperplasia, vein graft remodeling, and long-term patency. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009;297:H1194-5.
13. Wu J, Wadsworth RM, Kennedy S. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase promotes vein graft neoadventitial inflammation and remodelling. J Vasc Res 2011;48:141-9.
14. Wu J, Grassia G, Cambrook H, Ialenti A, MacRitchie N, Carberry J, Wadsworth RM, Lawrence C, Kennedy S, Maffia P. Perivascular mast cells regulate vein graft neointimal formation and remodeling. Peer J 2015;3:e1192.
15. de Vries MR, Simons KH, Jukema JW, Braun J, Quax PH. Vein graft failure: from pathophysiology to clinical outcomes. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016;13:451-70.
16. de Vries MR, Wezel A, Schepers A, van Santbrink PJ, Woodruff TM, Niessen HW, Hamming JF, Kuiper J, Bot I, Quax PH. Complement factor C5a as mast cell activator mediates vascular remodelling in vein graft disease. Cardiovasc Res 2013;97:311-20.
17. Kothapalli D, Castagnino P, Rader DJ, Phillips MC, Lund-Katz S, Assoian RK. Apolipoprotein E-mediated cell cycle arrest linked to p27 and the Cox2-dependent repression of miR221/222. Atherosclerosis 2013;227:65-71.
18. Lannoy M, Slove S, Jacob MP. The function of elastic fibers in the arteries: beyond elasticity. Pathol Biol 2014;62:79-83.
19. Carlsson P, Kjellén L. Heparin biosynthesis. In: Lever R, Mulloy B, Page CP, editors. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2012. pp. 23-41.
20. Teomim D, Fishbien I, Golomb G, Orloff L, Mayberg M, Domb AJ. Perivascular delivery of heparin for the reduction of smooth muscle cell proliferation after endothelial injury. J Control Release 1999;60:129-42.
21. Saitow C, Kaplan DL, Castellot JJ. Heparin stimulates elastogenesis: application to silk-based vascular grafts. Matrix Biol 2011;30:346-55.
22. Tu Y, Weiss AS. Transient tropoelastin nanoparticles are early-stage intermediates in the coacervation of human tropoelastin whose aggregation is facilitated by heparan sulfate and heparin decasaccharides. Matrix Biol 2010;29:152-9.
23. Cain SA, Baldock C, Gallagher J, Morgan A, Bax DV, Weiss AS, Shuttleworth CA, Kielty CM. Fibrillin-1 interactions with heparin: implications for microfibril and elastic fiber assembly. J Biol Chem 2005;280:30526-37.
24. Tu Y, Weiss AS. Glycosaminoglycan-mediated coacervation of tropoelastin abolishes the critical concentration, accelerates coacervate formation, and facilitates spherule fusion: implications for tropoelastin microassembly. Biomacromolecules 2008;9:1739-44.
25. Edelman ER, Adams DH, Karnovsky MJ. Effect of controlled adventitial heparin delivery on smooth muscle cell proliferation following endothelial injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990;87:3773-7.
26. Capron L, Jarnet J, Heudes D, Joseph-Monrose D, Bruneval P. Repeated balloon injury of rat aorta: a model of neointima with attenuated inhibition by heparin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:1649-56.
27. Chajara A, Heudes D, Peronneau I, Jarnet J, Basset A, Capron L. Effects of heparinoids on the sclerotic reaction of rat thoracic aorta to injury: comparison between standard and low-molecular-weight heparins in vitro and in vivo. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994;23:995-1003.
28. Guyton JR, Rosenberg RD, Clowes AW, Karnovsky MJ. Inhibition of rat arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation by heparin. In vivo studies with anticoagulant and nonanticoagulant heparin. Circ Res 1980;46:625-34.
29. Ellis SG, Roubin GS, Wilentz J, Douglas JS, King SB. Effect of 18- to 24-hour heparin administration for prevention of restenosis after uncomplicated coronary angioplasty. Am Heart J 1989;117:777-82.
30. Kunder CA, St John AL, Li G, Leong KW, Berwin B, Staats HF, Abraham SN. Mast cell-derived particles deliver peripheral signals to remote lymph nodes. J Exp Med 2009;206:2455-67.
31. Marx SO, Totary-Jain H, Marks AR. Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in restenosis. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2011;4:104-11.
32. Matter CM, Ma L, von Lukowicz T, Meier P, Lohmann C, Zhang D, Kilic U, Hofmann E, Ha SW, Hersberger M, Hermann DM, Lüscher TF. Increased balloon-induced inflammation, proliferation, and neointima formation in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice. Stroke 2006;37:2625-32.
33. Liu CL, Zhang JY, Shi GP. Interaction between allergic asthma and atherosclerosis. Transl Res 2016;174:5-22.
34. Wulff BC, Parent AE, Meleski MA, DiPietro LA, Schrementi ME, Wilgus TA. Mast cells contribute to scar formation during fetal wound healing. J Invest Dermatol 2012;132:458-65.
35. Wilgus TA, Wulff BC. The importance of mast cells in dermal scarring. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014;3:356-65.
36. Pellicoro A, Aucott RL, Ramachandran P, Robson AJ, Fallowfield JA, Snowdon VK, Hartland SN, Vernon M, Duffield JS, Benyon RC, Forbes SJ, Iredale JP. Elastin accumulation is regulated at the level of degradation by macrophage metalloelastase (MMP-12) during experimental liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2012;55:1965-75.
37. Gonzalez S, Moran M, Kochevar IE. Chronic photodamage in skin of mast cell-deficient mice. Photochem Photobiol 1999;70:248-53.
38. Grimbaldeston MA, Simpson A, Finlay-Jones JJ, Hart PH. The effect of ultraviolet radiation exposure on the prevalence of mast cells in human skin. Br J Dermatol 2003;148:300-6.
39. Farrell DJ, Hines JE, Walls AF, Kelly PJ, Bennett MK, Burt AD. Intrahepatic mast cells in chronic liver diseases. Hepatology 1995;22:1175-81.
