REFERENCES
1. Maronese CA, Pimentel MA, Li MM, Genovese G, Ortega-Loayza AG, Marzano AV. Pyoderma gangrenosum: an updated literature review on established and emerging pharmacological treatments. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2022;23:615-34.
2. Guliyeva G, Janis JE. Postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum requiring plastic surgical intervention: a practical review. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2024;12:e5505.
3. Marzano AV, Borghi A, Meroni PL, Cugno M. Pyoderma gangrenosum and its syndromic forms: evidence for a link with autoinflammation. Br J Dermatol. 2016;175:882-91.
4. Miller J, Yentzer BA, Clark A, Jorizzo JL, Feldman SR. Pyoderma gangrenosum: a review and update on new therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62:646-54.
5. Zaino ML, Schadt CR, Callen JP, Owen LG. Pyoderma gangrenosum: diagnostic criteria, subtypes, systemic associations, and workup. Dermatol Clin. 2024;42:157-70.
6. Langan SM, Groves RW, Card TR, Gulliford MC. Incidence, mortality, and disease associations of pyoderma gangrenosum in the United Kingdom: a retrospective cohort study. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132:2166-70.
7. Ruocco E, Sangiuliano S, Gravina AG, Miranda A, Nicoletti G. Pyoderma gangrenosum: an updated review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009;23:1008-17.
8. Park AN, Raj A, Bajda J, Gorantla VR. Narrative review: pyoderma gangrenosum. Cureus. 2024;16:e51805.
9. Ahronowitz I, Harp J, Shinkai K. Etiology and management of pyoderma gangrenosum: a comprehensive review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2012;13:191-211.
10. Ahn C, Negus D, Huang W. Pyoderma gangrenosum: a review of pathogenesis and treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2018;14:225-33.
11. Moltrasio C, Romagnuolo M, Tavoletti G, Maronese CA, Marzano AV. Pyoderma gangrenosum: pathogenetic mechanisms and their implications for treatment. Semin Immunopathol. 2025;47:38.
12. Zuo KJ, Fung E, Tredget EE, Lin AN. A systematic review of post-surgical pyoderma gangrenosum: identification of risk factors and proposed management strategy. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2015;68:295-303.
13. Ehrl DC, Heidekrueger PI, Broer PN. Pyoderma gangrenosum after breast surgery: a systematic review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2018;71:1023-32.
14. Tuffaha SH, Sarhane KA, Mundinger GS, et al. Pyoderma gangrenosum after breast surgery: diagnostic pearls and treatment recommendations based on a systematic literature review. Ann Plast Surg. 2016;77:e39-44.
15. Mella JR, Maselli AM, Guo L. A deceptive diagnosis: pyoderma gangrenosum after breast surgery-a case series and literature review. Ann Plast Surg. 2019;83:S21-30.
16. Caddia G, Voulliaume D, Dettori L, Rubino C, Delay E. Postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum in breast surgery: an updated systematic review, takeaways, and the 6 commandments. Aesthet Surg J. 2025;45:NP142-53.
17. Hammond JB, Pflibsen LR, Kruger EA, et al. Pyoderma gangrenosum confined to the irradiated chest wall of the reconstructed breast. Clin Case Rep. 2021;9:445-9.
18. Dahy AA, Hassan RM, Altramsy A, et al. Outcomes and risk factors of pyoderma gangrenosum after reduction mammoplasty: a systematic review of the literature and case report. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2025;49:5480-97.
19. Li WY, Andersen JC, Jung J, Andersen JS. Pyoderma gangrenosum after abdominal free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction: case series and management guidelines. Ann Plast Surg. 2019;83:63-8.
20. Edinger KM, Rao VK. The management of postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum following breast surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2022;10:e4282.
21. Tolkachjov SN, Fahy AS, Wetter DA, et al. Postoperative pyoderma gangrenosum (PG): the Mayo Clinic experience of 20 years from 1994 through 2014. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73:615-22.
22. Patel F, Fitzmaurice S, Duong C, et al. Effective strategies for the management of pyoderma gangrenosum: a comprehensive review. Acta Derm Venereol. 2015;95:525-31.
23. Vieira WA, Barbosa LR, Martin LM. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an adjuvant treatment for pyoderma gangrenosum. An Bras Dermatol. 2011;86:1193-6.
24. Kaur M, Diaz MJ, Anthony M, et al. Treatments for pyoderma gangrenosum: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis of systemic therapies. Int Wound J. 2025;22:e70733.
25. Grillo MA, Cavalheiro TT, da Silva Mulazani M, Rocha JL, Semchechen D, da Cunha CA. Postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum complicating reduction mammaplasty. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2012;36:1347-52.
26. Pop IC, Ilies RA, Baican C, Strilciuc S, Muntean V, Muntean M. Pyoderma gangrenosum post-breast surgery: a case report and comprehensive review of management strategies. J Clin Med. 2024;13:3800.
27. Ouazzani A, Berthe JV, de Fontaine S. Post-surgical pyoderma gangrenosum: a clinical entity. Acta Chir Belg. 2007;107:424-8.
28. Hammond D, Chaudhry A, Anderson D, Alameddine KO, Tajran J. Postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum after breast surgery: a plea for early suspicion, diagnosis, and treatment. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2020;44:2032-40.
29. Duval A, Boissel N, Servant JM, Santini C, Petit A, Vignon-Pennamen MD. Pyoderma gangrenosum of the breast: a diagnosis not to be missed. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64:e17-20.
30. Costa J, Monteiro D, Valença-Filipe R, Reis J, Silva Á. Pyoderma gangrenosum after breast reduction: a rare complication. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2013;66:e336-7.
31. Rajapakse Y, Bunker CB, Ghattaura A, et al. Case report: pyoderma gangrenosum following Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator (Diep) free flap breast reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010;63:e395-6.
32. Diaz R, Allievi R, Cuniolo L, et al. Post-surgical pyoderma gangrenosum after breast cancer surgery: a multidisciplinary case report. Curr Oncol. 2025;32:701.
33. Rogers CC, Nepper J, Holzem KE, Cortina CS. Postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum after mastectomy with a familial component. J Surg Case Rep. 2024;2024:rjae667.




