REFERENCES

1. Mauch JT, Kao DS, Friedly JL, Liu Y. Targeted muscle reinnervation and regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces for pain prophylaxis and treatment: a systematic review. PM R 2023;15:1457-65.

2. Valerio IL, Dumanian GA, Jordan SW, et al. Preemptive treatment of phantom and residual limb pain with targeted muscle reinnervation at the time of major limb amputation. J Am Coll Surg 2019;228:217-26.

3. Chang BL, Hill AL, Mondshine J, et al. Primary targeted muscle reinnervation in above-knee amputations in patients with unsalvageable limbs from limb-threatening ischemia or infection. J Reconstr Microsurg 2024;40:109-17.

4. Hagiga A, Aly M, Gumaa M, Rehan Youssef A, Cubison T. Targeted muscle reinnervation in managing post-amputation related pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Pract 2023;23:922-32.

5. Goodyear EG, O'Brien AL, West JM, et al. Targeted muscle reinnervation at the time of amputation decreases recurrent symptomatic neuroma formation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2024;153:154-63.

6. Reid RT, Johnson CC, Gaston RG, Loeffler BJ. Impact of timing of targeted muscle reinnervation on pain and opioid intake following major limb amputation. Hand (N Y) 2024;19:200-5.

7. Roth E, Linehan A, Weihrauch D, Stucky C, Hogan Q, Hoben G. Targeted muscle reinnervation prevents and reverses rat pain behaviors after nerve transection. Pain 2023;164:316-24.

8. Pet MA, Ko JH, Friedly JL, Mourad PD, Smith DG. Does targeted nerve implantation reduce neuroma pain in amputees? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014;472:2991-3001.

9. Treede RD, Rief W, Barke A, et al. Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: the IASP classification of chronic pain for the international classification of diseases (ICD-11). Pain 2019;160:19-27.

10. Birbaumer N, Lutzenberger W, Montoya P, et al. Effects of regional anesthesia on phantom limb pain are mirrored in changes in cortical reorganization. J Neurosci 1997;17:5503-8.

11. Fu SY, Gordon T. Contributing factors to poor functional recovery after delayed nerve repair: prolonged axotomy. J Neurosci 1995;15:3876-85.

12. Marasco PD, Kuiken TA. Amputation with median nerve redirection (targeted reinnervation) reactivates forepaw barrel subfield in rats. J Neurosci 2010;30:16008-14.

13. Tajerian M, Alvarado S, Millecamps M, et al. Peripheral nerve injury is associated with chronic, reversible changes in global DNA methylation in the mouse prefrontal cortex. PLoS One 2013;8:e55259.

14. Xie W, Strong JA, Li H, Zhang JM. Sympathetic sprouting near sensory neurons after nerve injury occurs preferentially on spontaneously active cells and is reduced by early nerve block. J Neurophysiol 2007;97:492-502.

15. Yao J, Chen A, Kuiken T, Carmona C, Dewald J. Sensory cortical re-mapping following upper-limb amputation and subsequent targeted reinnervation: a case report. Neuroimage Clin 2015;8:329-36.

16. McCarberg B, Peppin J. Pain pathways and nervous system plasticity: learning and memory in pain. Pain Med 2019;20:2421-37.

17. Seifert F, Maihöfner C. Central mechanisms of experimental and chronic neuropathic pain: findings from functional imaging studies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009;66:375-90.

18. Phillips K, Clauw DJ. Central pain mechanisms in chronic pain states--maybe it is all in their head. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2011;25:141-54.

19. Barroso J, Wakaizumi K, Reis AM, et al. Reorganization of functional brain network architecture in chronic osteoarthritis pain. Hum Brain Mapp 2021;42:1206-22.

20. Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2019;366:l4898.

21. Hoyt BW, Gibson JA, Potter BK, Souza JM. Practice patterns and pain outcomes for targeted muscle reinnervation: an informed approach to targeted muscle reinnervation use in the acute amputation setting. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2021;103:681-7.

22. Daugherty THF, Bueno RA Jr, Neumeister MW. Novel use of targeted muscle reinnervation in the hand for treatment of recurrent symptomatic neuromas following digit amputations. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2019;7:e2376.

23. Moradian S, Taritsa IC, Sharma S, Mioton L, Dumanian GA, Ko JH. Management of superficial and deep peroneal nerve neuromas with targeted muscle reinnervation in nonamputees: operative technique and early outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2024;12:e5742.

24. Souza JM, Cheesborough JE, Ko JH, Cho MS, Kuiken TA, Dumanian GA. Targeted muscle reinnervation: a novel approach to postamputation neuroma pain. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014;472:2984-90.

25. Kang NV, Woollard A, Michno DA, Al-Ajam Y, Tan J, Hansen E. A consecutive series of targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) cases for relief of neuroma and phantom limb pain: UK perspective. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022;75:960-9.

26. Stoehr JR, Sood R, Jordan SW, Dumanian GA. Targeted muscle reinnervation at the time of amputation in the management of complex regional pain syndrome of the lower extremity. Microsurgery 2020;40:852-8.

27. Shin SE, Haffner ZK, Chang BL, Kleiber GM. A pilot investigation into targeted muscle reinnervation for complex regional pain syndrome, type II. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2022;10:e4718.

28. O’Brien AL, West JM, Gokun Y, et al. Longitudinal durability of patient-reported pain outcomes after targeted muscle reinnervation at the time of major limb amputation. J Am Coll Surg 2022;234:883-9.

29. Alexander JH, Jordan SW, West JM, et al. Targeted muscle reinnervation in oncologic amputees: early experience of a novel institutional protocol. J Surg Oncol 2019;120:348-58.

30. Valerio IL, Larsen M, Eberlin KR. Application of spare parts in combination with targeted muscle reinnervation surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021;147:279e-83e.

31. Chang BL, Harbour P, Mondshine J, Kleiber GM. Targeted muscle reinnervation to expendable motor nerves for the treatment of refractory symptomatic neuromas in nonamputees. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2021;9:e3436.

32. McLachlan EM, Jänig W, Devor M, Michaelis M. Peripheral nerve injury triggers noradrenergic sprouting within dorsal root ganglia. Nature 1993;363:543-6.

33. Zhang JM, Li H, Munir MA. Decreasing sympathetic sprouting in pathologic sensory ganglia: a new mechanism for treating neuropathic pain using lidocaine. Pain 2004;109:143-9.

34. Zhang T, Zhang M, Cui S, et al. The core of maintaining neuropathic pain: crosstalk between glial cells and neurons (neural cell crosstalk at spinal cord). Brain Behav 2023;13:e2868.

35. Zhang ZJ, Jiang BC, Gao YJ. Chemokines in neuron-glial cell interaction and pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017;74:3275-91.

36. Devor M. Ectopic discharge in Abeta afferents as a source of neuropathic pain. Exp Brain Res 2009;196:115-28.

37. Xie W, Strong JA, Meij JTA, Zhang JM, Yu L. Neuropathic pain: early spontaneous afferent activity is the trigger. Pain 2005;116:243-56.

38. Flor H, Elbert T, Knecht S, et al. Phantom-limb pain as a perceptual correlate of cortical reorganization following arm amputation. Nature 1995;375:482-4.

39. Kikkert S, Johansen-Berg H, Tracey I, Makin TR. Reaffirming the link between chronic phantom limb pain and maintained missing hand representation. Cortex 2018;106:174-84.

40. Makin TR, Flor H. Brain (re)organisation following amputation: implications for phantom limb pain. Neuroimage 2020;218:116943.

41. Makin TR, Scholz J, Filippini N, Henderson Slater D, Tracey I, Johansen-Berg H. Phantom pain is associated with preserved structure and function in the former hand area. Nat Commun 2013;4:1570.

42. Chen A, Yao J, Kuiken T, Dewald JP. Cortical motor activity and reorganization following upper-limb amputation and subsequent targeted reinnervation. Neuroimage Clin 2013;3:498-506.

43. West CA, Ljungberg C, Wiberg M, Hart A. Sensory neuron death after upper limb nerve injury and protective effect of repair: clinical evaluation using volumetric magnetic resonance imaging of dorsal root Ganglia. Neurosurgery 2013;73:632-9.

44. Himes BT, Tessler A. Death of some dorsal root ganglion neurons and plasticity of others following sciatic nerve section in adult and neonatal rats. J Comp Neurol 1989;284:215-30.

45. Hu P, McLachlan EM. Selective reactions of cutaneous and muscle afferent neurons to peripheral nerve transection in rats. J Neurosci 2003;23:10559-67.

46. Tandrup T, Woolf CJ, Coggeshall RE. Delayed loss of small dorsal root ganglion cells after transection of the rat sciatic nerve. J Comp Neurol 2000;422:172-80.

47. Navarro X, Vivó M, Valero-Cabré A. Neural plasticity after peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2007;82:163-201.

48. Brushart TM. Motor axons preferentially reinnervate motor pathways. J Neurosci 1993;13:2730-8.

49. Chu TH, Du Y, Wu W. Motor nerve graft is better than sensory nerve graft for survival and regeneration of motoneurons after spinal root avulsion in adult rats. Exp Neurol 2008;212:562-5.

50. Ghalib N, Houst'ava L, Haninec P, Dubový P. Morphometric analysis of early regeneration of motor axons through motor and cutaneous nerve grafts. Ann Anat 2001;183:363-8.

51. Chappell AG, Yang CS, Dumanian GA. Surgical treatment of abdominal wall neuromas. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2021;9:e3585.

52. Bodde MI, Dijkstra PU, den Dunnen WF, Geertzen JH. Therapy-resistant complex regional pain syndrome type I: to amputate or not? J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011;93:1799-805.

53. Frantz TL, Everhart JS, West JM, Ly TV, Phieffer LS, Valerio IL. Targeted muscle reinnervation at the time of major limb amputation in traumatic amputees: early experience of an effective treatment strategy to improve pain. JB JS Open Access 2020;5:e0067.

54. Gomez-Eslava B, Raasveld FV, Hoftiezer YAJ, et al. Pain sketches to predict pain following primary targeted muscle reinnervation in amputees. Plast Reconstr Surg 2024;153:1162-71.

55. Galbraith LG, Najafali D, Gatherwright JR. Combined TMR and RPNI in a vasculopathy patient: a case report. JPRAS Open 2023;38:217-20.

56. Cheesborough JE, Souza JM, Dumanian GA, Bueno RA Jr. Targeted muscle reinnervation in the initial management of traumatic upper extremity amputation injury. Hand (N Y) 2014;9:253-7.

57. Dumanian GA, Potter BK, Mioton LM, et al. Targeted muscle reinnervation treats neuroma and phantom pain in major limb amputees: a randomized clinical trial. Ann Surg 2019;270:238-46.

58. Felder JM, Pripotnev S, Ducic I, Skladman R, Ha AY, Pet MA. Failed targeted muscle reinnervation: findings at revision surgery and concepts for success. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2022;10:e4229.

59. Roubaud MS, Hassan AM, Shin A, et al. Outcomes of targeted muscle reinnervation and regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces for chronic pain control in the oncologic amputee population. J Am Coll Surg 2023;237:644-54.

60. Vincitorio F, Staffa G, Aszmann OC, et al. Targeted muscle reinnervation and osseointegration for pain relief and prosthetic arm control in a woman with bilateral proximal upper limb amputation. World Neurosurg 2020;143:365-73.

61. Mioton LM, Dumanian GA, Shah N, et al. Targeted muscle reinnervation improves residual limb pain, phantom limb pain, and limb function: a prospective study of 33 major limb amputees. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2020;478:2161-7.

62. Takagi T, Ogiri Y, Kato R, et al. Selective motor fascicle transfer and neural-machine interface: case report. J Neurosurg 2020;132:825-31.

63. Opijnen MP, Hazelbag HM, de Ruiter GCW. Targeted muscle reinnervation for a recurrent traumatic neuroma of the sural nerve: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons 2022;3:CASE2264.

64. Ferrin PC, Hathaway B, Russo SA, Peters BR. Use of supinator motor branches in targeted muscle reinnervation of the superficial radial nerve. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2024;12:e5512.

65. Cavadas PC, Téllez Palacios D. Treatment of neuroma of the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve with transfer to the distal anterior interosseous nerve. J Hand Surg Glob Online 2020;2:363-4.

66. Huffman A, Schneeberger S, Goodyear E, et al. Evaluating hip disarticulation outcomes in a 51-patient series. J Orthop 2022;31:117-20.

67. Adu YA, Baum GR, Harder JG, Cox CT, Mackay BJ. Jumpy stump syndrome treated by targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR): a case report and review of the literature. Current Orthopaedic Practice 2024;35:50-6.

68. Shin A, Fracol M, Roubaud MS. Targeted muscle reinnervation and regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces for prophylactic pain control in neurofibromatosis type 1 amputees. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2023;11:e5405.

Plastic and Aesthetic Research
ISSN 2349-6150 (Online)   2347-9264 (Print)

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/