REFERENCES

1. Allareddy V, Allareddy V, Nalliah RP. Epidemiology of facial fracture injuries. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;69:2613-8.

2. Futran ND, Farwell DG, Smith RB, Johnson PE, Funk GF. Definitive management of severe facial trauma utilizing free tissue transfer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;132:75-85.

3. Roden KS, Tong W, Surrusco M, Shockley WW, Van Aalst JA, Hultman CS. Changing characteristics of facial fractures treated at a regional, level 1 trauma center, from 2005 to 2010: an assessment of patient demographics, referral patterns, etiology of injury, anatomic location, and clinical outcomes. Ann Plast Surg 2012;68:461-6.

4. VandeGriend ZP, Hashemi A, Shkoukani M. Changing trends in adult facial trauma epidemiology. J Craniofac Surg 2015;26:108-12.

5. Tasigiorgos S, Economopoulos KP, Winfield RD, Sakran JV. Firearm injury in the United States: an overview of an evolving public health problem. J Am Coll Surg 2015;221:1005-14.

6. Ranney ML, Sankoff J, Newman DH, et al. A call to action: firearms, public health, and emergency medicine. Ann Emerg Med 2013;61:700-2.

7. Goldstick JE, Zeoli A, Mair C, Cunningham RM. US firearm-related mortality: national, state, and population trends, 1999-2017. Health Aff (Millwood) 2019;38:1646-52.

8. Kaufman EJ, Wiebe DJ, Xiong RA, Morrison CN, Seamon MJ, Delgado MK. Epidemiologic trends in fatal and nonfatal firearm injuries in the US, 2009-2017. JAMA Intern Med 2021;181:237-44.

9. Kim RY, Sokoya M, Williams FC, Shokri T, Ducic Y. Role of free tissue transfer in facial trauma. Facial Plast Surg 2019;35:584-9.

10. Alam DS, Chi JJ. Facial transplantation for massive traumatic injuries. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2013;46:883-901.

11. Clark N, Birely B, Manson PN, et al. High-energy ballistic and avulsive facial injuries: classification, patterns, and an algorithm for primary reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996;98:583-601.

12. Sparks DS, Saleh DB, Rozen WM, Hutmacher DW, Schuetz MA, Wagels M. Vascularised bone transfer: history, blood supply and contemporary problems. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017;70:1-11.

13. Blair VP. Surgery and diseases of the mouth and jaws. 3th ed. London: Henry Kimpton; 1918. p. 153-4.

14. Biller HF, Baek SM, Lawson W, Krespi YP, Blaugrund SM. Pectoralis major myocutaneous island flap in head and neck surgery: analysis of complications in 42 cases. Arch Otolaryngol 1981;107:23-6.

15. Taylor GI, Miller GD, Ham FJ. The free vascularized bone graft. A clinical extension of microvascular techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg 1975;55:533-44.

16. Funk GF, Laurenzo JF, Valentino J, McCulloch TM, Frodel JL, Hoffman HT. Free-tissue transfer reconstruction of midfacial and cranio-orbito-facial defects. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995;121:293-303.

17. Zeiderman MR, Pu LLQ. Contemporary reconstruction after complex facial trauma. Burns Trauma 2020;8:tkaa003.

18. McDonald TJ, Lopez MA. Management of facial trauma: lessons of war. Facial Plast Surg 2010;26:482-7.

19. Rodriguez ED, Martin M, Bluebond-Langner R, Khalifeh M, Singh N, Manson PN. Microsurgical reconstruction of posttraumatic high-energy maxillary defects: establishing the effectiveness of early reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;120:103S-17S.

20. Krane NA, Fagin A, Ghanem TA, Cannady SB, Petrisor D, Wax MK. Simultaneous maxillary and mandibular reconstruction with a single Osteocutaneous fibula free flap: a description of three cases. Microsurgery 2021;41:79-83.

21. Gurunluoglu R, Gatherwright J. Microsurgical reconstruction of complex maxillofacial gunshot wounds: outcomes analysis and algorithm. Microsurgery 2019;39:384-94.

22. Eser C, Gencel E, Kesiktaş E, Yavuz M. Outcomes of anatomic reconstruction of gunshot-inflicted lower face defects by free Osteoseptocutaneous fibula flap and expanded or nonexpanded temporal scalp flap combination in males. J Craniofac Surg 2016;27:1139-42.

23. Chattha A, Lee JC, Johnson PK, Patel A. An Algorithmic Approach to the management of ballistic facial trauma in the civilian population. J Craniofac Surg 2018;29:2010-6.

24. Wei FC, Seah CS, Tsai YC, Liu SJ, Tsai MS. Fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap for reconstruction of composite mandibular defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 1994;93:294-304; discussion 5-6.

25. Kalavrezos ND, Graetz KW, Eyrich GK, Sailer HF. Late sequelae after high midface trauma. J R Coll Surg Edinb 2000;45:359-62.

26. Elbarbary AS, Ali A. Medial canthopexy of old unrepaired naso-orbito-ethmoidal (noe) traumatic telecanthus. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014;42:106-12.

27. Hoffmann JF. Naso-orbital-ethmoid complex fracture management. Facial Plast Surg 1998;14:67-76.

28. Langstein HN, Robb GL. Lip and perioral reconstruction. Clin Plast Surg 2005;32:431-45, viii.

29. Mehra P, Caiazzo A, Bestgen S. Bilateral oral commissurotomy using buccal mucosa flaps for management of microstomia: report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998;56:1200-3.

30. Hanasono MM, Langstein HN. Extended Karapandzic flaps for near-total and total lower lip defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011;127:1199-205.

31. Berlet AC, Ablaza VJ, Servidio P. A refined technique for oral commissurotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993;51:1400-3.

32. Ducic Y, Athre R, Cochran CS. The split orbicularis myomucosal flap for lower lip reconstruction. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2005;7:347-52.

33. Sadove RC, Luce EA, McGrath PC. Reconstruction of the lower lip and chin with the composite radial forearm-palmaris longus free flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 1991;88:209-14.

34. Gurunluoglu R, Glasgow M, Williams SA, Gurunluoglu A, Antrobus J, Eusterman V. Functional reconstruction of total lower lip defects using innervated gracilis flap in the setting of high-energy ballistic injury to the lower face: preliminary report. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2012;65:1335-42.

35. Manson PN, Hoopes JE, Chambers RG, Jaques DA. Algorithm for nasal reconstruction. Am J Surg 1979;138:528-32.

36. Menick FJ, Salibian A. Microvascular repair of heminasal, subtotal, and total nasal defects with a folded radial forearm flap and a full-thickness forehead flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011;127:637-51.

37. Rohrich RJ, Griffin JR, Ansari M, Beran SJ, Potter JK. Nasal reconstruction--beyond aesthetic subunits: a 15-year review of 1334 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004;114:1405-16; discussion 1417-9.

38. Stranix JT, Stern CS, Rensberger M, et al. A virtual surgical planning algorithm for delayed maxillomandibular reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019;143:1197-206.

39. May MM, Howe BM, O'Byrne TJ, et al. Short and long-term outcomes of three-dimensional printed surgical guides and virtual surgical planning versus conventional methods for fibula free flap reconstruction of the mandible: decreased nonunion and complication rates. Head Neck 2021;43:2342-52.

40. Seruya M, Fisher M, Rodriguez ED. Computer-assisted versus conventional free fibula flap technique for craniofacial reconstruction: an outcomes comparison. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013;132:1219-28.

41. Navarro Cuéllar C, Martínez EB, Navarro Cuéllar I, et al. Primary maxillary reconstruction with fibula flap and dental implants: a comparative study between virtual surgical planning and standard surgery in Class IIC defects. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021;79:237-48.

42. Horen SR, Lopez J, Dorafshar AH. Facial transplantation. Facial Plast Surg 2021;37:528-35.

43. Farber SJ, Kantar RS, Diaz-Siso JR, Rodriguez ED. Face transplantation: an update for the United States trauma system. J Craniofac Surg 2018;29:832-8.

44. Thuong M, Petruzzo P, Landin L, et al. Vascularized composite allotransplantation - a Council of Europe position paper. Transpl Int 2019;32:233-40.

45. Lantieri L, Cholley B, Lemogne C, et al. First human facial retransplantation: 30-month follow-up. Lancet 2020;396:1758-65.

Plastic and Aesthetic Research
ISSN 2349-6150 (Online)   2347-9264 (Print)

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/