REFERENCES
1. Sweeny L, Eby B, Magnuson JS, Carroll WR, Rosenthal EL. Reconstruction of scalp defects with the radial forearm free flap. Head Neck Oncol 2012;4:21.
2. Newman MI, Hanasono MM, Disa JJ, Cordeiro PG, Mehrara BJ. Scalp reconstruction: a 15-year experience. Ann Plast Surg 2004;52:501-6; discussion 506.
3. Tolhurst DE, Carstens MH, Greco RJ, Hurwitz DJ. The surgical anatomy of the scalp. Plast Reconstr Surg 1991;87:603-12; discussion 613.
4. Carloni R, Hersant B, Bosc R, Le Guerinel C, Meningaud JP. Soft tissue expansion and cranioplasty: for which indications? J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015;43:1409-15.
5. Leedy JE, Janis JE, Rohrich RJ. Reconstruction of acquired scalp defects: an algorithmic approach. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005;116:54e-72e.
6. Ioannides C, Fossion E, Mcgrouther AD. Reconstruction for large defects of the scalp and cranium. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1999;27:145-52.
7. Mundinger GS, Latham K, Friedrich J, et al. Management of the repeatedly dailed cranioplasty following large postdecompressive craniectomy: establishing the efficacy of staged free latissimus dorsi transfer/tissue expansion/custom polyetheretherketone implant reconstruction. J Craniofac Surg 2016;27:1971-7.
8. Hardesty RA, Jones NF, Swartz WM, et al. Microsurgery for macrodefects: microvascular free-tissue transfer for massive defects of the head and neck. Am J Surg 1987;154:399-405.
9. Desai SC, Sand JP, Sharon JD, Branham G, Nussenbaum B. Scalp reconstruction: an algorithmic approach and systematic review. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2015;17:56-66.
10. Fowler NM, Futran ND. Achievements in scalp reconstruction. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014;22:127-30.
11. Bradford BD, Lee JW. Reconstruction of the Forehead and Scalp. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2019;27:85-94.
12. Lutz BS, Wei FC, Chen HC, Lin CH, Wei CY. Reconstruction of scalp defects with free flaps in 30 cases. Br J Plast Surg 1998;51:186-90.
13. Chang KP, Lai CH, Chang CH, Lin CL, Lai CS, Lin SD. Free flap options for reconstruction of complicated scalp and calvarial defects: report of a series of cases and literature review. Microsurgery 2010;30:13-8.
14. Fong AJ, Lemelman BT, Lam S, Kleiber GM, Reid RR, Gottlieb LJ. Reconstructive approach to hostile cranioplasty: a review of the University of Chicago experience. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2015;68:1036-43.
15. Cunha MS, Nakamoto HA, Herson MR, Faes JC, Gemperli R, Ferreira MC. Tissue expander complications in plastic surgery: a 10-year experience. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo 2002;57:93-7.
16. Vecchione TR, Griffith L. Closure of scalp defects by using multiple flaps in a pinwheel design. Plast Reconstr Surg 1978;62:74-7.
18. Kroll SS, Margolis R. Scalp flap rotation with primary donor site closure. Ann Plast Surg 1993;30:452-5.
20. Hwang L, Ford NK, Spitz J, Ellis M. The Visor Flap: A novel design for scalp wound closure. J Craniofac Surg 2017;28:e146-8.
21. Steiner D, Horch RE, Eyüpoglu I, et al. Reconstruction of composite defects of the scalp and neurocranium-a treatment algorithm from local flaps to combined AV loop free flap reconstruction. World J Surg Oncol 2018;16:217.
22. Carstens MH, Greco RJ, Hurwitz DJ, Tolhurst DE. Clinical applications of the subgaleal fascia. Plast Reconstr Surg 1991;87:615-26.
23. Terranova W. The use of periosteal flaps in scalp and forehead reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 1990;25:450-6.
24. Molnar JA, DeFranzo AJ, Marks MW. Single-stage approach to skin grafting the exposed skull. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;105:174-7.
25. Wolff AY, Santiago GF, Belzberg M, et al. Full-thickness skin grafting for local defect coverage following scalp adjacent tissue transfer in the setting of cranioplasty. J Craniofac Surg 2019;30:115-9.
26. Burke JF, Yannas IV, Quinby WC Jr, Bondoc CC, Jung WK. Successful use of a physiologically acceptable artificial skin in the treatment of extensive burn injury. Ann Surg 1981;194:413-28.
27. Heitland A, Piatkowski A, Noah EM, Pallua N. Update on the use of collagen/glycosaminoglycate skin substitute-six years of experiences with artificial skin in 15 German burn centers. Burns 2004;30:471-5.
28. Yannas IV, Burke JF, Orgill DP, Skrabut EM. Wound tissue can utilize a polymeric template to synthesize a functional extension of skin. Science 1982;215:174-6.
29. Richardson MA, Lange JP, Jordan JR. Reconstruction of full-thickness scalp defects using a dermal regeneration template. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2016;18:62-7.
30. Cordaro ER, Calabrese S, Faini GP, Zanotti B, Verlicchi A, Parodi PC. Method to thicken the scalp in calvarian reconstruction. J Craniofac Surg 2011;22:598-601.
31. Tufaro AP, Buck DW 2nd, Fischer AC. The use of artificial dermis in the reconstruction of oncologic surgical defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;120:638-46.
32. Johnson MB, Wong AK. Integra-based reconstruction of large scalp wounds: a case report and systematic review of the literature. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2016;4:e1074.
33. Schiavon M, Francescon M, Drigo D, et al. The use of integra dermal regeneration template versus flaps for reconstruction of full-thickness scalp defects involving the calvaria: a cost-benefit analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2016;40:901-7.
34. Khan MA, Chipp E, Hardwicke J, Srinivasan K, Shaw S, Rayatt S. The use of dermal regeneration template (Integra®) for reconstruction of a large full-thickness scalp and calvarial defect with exposed dura. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2010;63:2168-71.
35. Kosutic D, Beasung E, Dempsey M, et al. Single-layer Integra for one-stage reconstruction of scalp defects with exposed bone following full-thickness burn injury: a novel technique. Burns 2012;38:143-5.
36. Dantzer E, Queruel P, Salinier L, Palmier B, Quinot J. Dermal regeneration template for deep hand burns: clinical utility for both early grafting and reconstructive surgery. Br J Plast Surg 2003;56:764-74.
37. Yuen JC, Hochberg J. Free flap coverage of scalp defects following radiation. J Ark Med Soc 2003;100:194-5.
38. Shonka DC Jr, Potash AE, Jameson MJ, Funk GF. Successful reconstruction of scalp and skull defects: lessons learned from a large series. Laryngoscope 2011;121:2305-12.
39. Wax MK, Kim J, Ducic Y. Update on major reconstruction of the head and neck. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2007;9:392-9.
40. Cannady SB, Rosenthal EL, Knott PD, Fritz M, Wax MK. Free tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction: a contemporary review. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2014;16:367-73.
41. Beasley NJ, Gilbert RW, Gullane PJ, Brown DH, Irish JC, Neligan PC. Scalp and forehead reconstruction using free revascularized tissue transfer. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2004;6:16-20.
42. Chao AH, Yu P, Skoracki RJ, Demonte F, Hanasono MM. Microsurgical reconstruction of composite scalp and calvarial defects in patients with cancer: a 10-year experience. Head Neck 2012;34:1759-64.
43. Fischer JP, Sieber B, Nelson JA, et al. A 15-year experience of complex scalp reconstruction using free tissue transfer-analysis of risk factors for complications. J Reconstr Microsurg 2013;29:89-97.
44. Wang HT, Erdmann D, Olbrich KC, Friedman AH, Levin LS, Zenn MR. Free flap reconstruction of the scalp and calvaria of major neurosurgical resections in cancer patients: lessons learned closing large, difficult wounds of the dura and skull. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;119:865-72.
45. Seitz IA, Adler N, Odessey E, Reid RR, Gottlieb LJ. Latissimus dorsi/rib intercostal perforator myo-osseocutaneous free flap reconstruction in composite defects of the scalp: case series and review of literature. J Reconstr Microsurg 2009;25:559-67.
46. Vargo JD, Przylecki W, Andrews BT. Surgical decision-making in microvascular reconstruction of composite scalp and skull defects. J Craniofac Surg 2020;31:1895-9.
47. Uzun H, Bitik O, Ersoy US, Bilginer B, Aksu AE. Comparison of musculocutaneous and fasciocutaneous free flaps for the reconstruction of the extensive composite scalp and cranium defects. J Craniofac Surg 2018;29:1947-51.
48. Kwiecien GJ, Aliotta R, Bassiri Gharb B, Gastman B, Zins JE. The timing of alloplastic cranioplasty in the setting of previous osteomyelitis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019;143:853-61.
49. Othman S, Azoury SC, Tecce MG, et al. Free flap reconstruction of complex oncologic scalp defects in the setting of mesh cranioplasty: risk factors and outcomes. J Craniofac Surg 2020;31:1107-10.
50. Kwiecien GJ, Rueda S, Couto RA, et al. Long-term outcomes of cranioplasty: titanium mesh is not a long-term solution in high-risk patients. Ann Plast Surg 2018;81:416-22.
51. Liu L, Lu ST, Liu AH, et al. Comparison of complications in cranioplasty with various materials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Neurosurg 2020;34:388-96.
52. Lee JC, Kleiber GM, Pelletier AT, Reid RR, Gottlieb LJ. Autologous immediate cranioplasty with vascularized bone in high-risk composite cranial defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013;132:967-75.
53. Yeap MC, Tu PH, Liu ZH, et al. Long-term complications of cranioplasty using stored autologous bone graft, three-dimensional polymethyl methacrylate, or titanium mesh after decompressive craniectomy: a single-center experience after 596 procedures. World Neurosurg 2019;128:e841-50.
54. Wolff A, Santiago GF, Belzberg M, et al. Adult cranioplasty reconstruction with customized cranial implants: preferred technique, timing, and biomaterials. J Craniofac Surg 2018;29:887-94.
55. Koller M, Rafter D, Shok G, Murphy S, Kiaei S, Samadani U. A retrospective descriptive study of cranioplasty failure rates and contributing factors in novel 3D printed calcium phosphate implants compared to traditional materials. 3D Print Med 2020;6:14.
