REFERENCES
2. DeLong WG, Born CT, Wei SY, Petrik ME, Ponzio R, Schwab CW. Aggressive treatment of 119 open fracture wounds. J Trauma 1999;46:1049-54.
3. Battiston B, Santoro D, Baido RL, Pasquero F. Treatment of acute bone defects in severe lower limb Trauma. Injury 2019;50 Suppl 5:S40-5.
4. Taylor GI, Miller GD, Ham FJ. The free vascularized bone graft. A clinical extension of microvascular techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg 1975;55:533-44.
5. Buncke HJ, Furnas DW, Gordon L, Achauer BM. Free osteocutaneous flap from a rib to the tibia. Plast Reconstr Surg 1977;59:799-804.
6. Taylor GI, Watson N. One-stage repair of compound leg defects with free, revascularized flaps of groin skin and iliac bone. Plast Reconstr Surg 1978;61:494-506.
7. Doi K, Sakai K. Vascularized periosteal bone graft from the supracondylar region of the femur. Microsurgery 1994;15:305-15.
8. Sparks DS, Wagels M, Taylor GI. Bone reconstruction: a history of vascularized bone transfer. Microsurgery 2018;38:7-13.
9. Doi K, Hattori Y. Vascularized bone graft from the supracondylar region of the femur. Microsurgery 2009;29:379-84.
10. Gustilo RB, Anderson JT. Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1976;58:453-8.
11. Winquist RA, Hansen ST Jr, Clawson DK. Closed intramedullary nailing of femoral fractures. A report of five hundred and twenty cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1984;66:529-39.
12. Houben RH, Rots M, van den Heuvel SCM, Winters HAH. Combined massive allograft and intramedullary vascularized fibula as the primary reconstruction method for segmental bone loss in the lower extremity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JBJS Rev 2019;7:e2.
13. Pelissier P, Boireau P, Martin D, Baudet J. Bone reconstruction of the lower extremity: complications and outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;111:2223-9.
14. Lin CH, Wei FC, Chen HC, Chuang DC. Outcome comparison in traumatic lower-extremity reconstruction by using various composite vascularized bone transplantation. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999;104:984-92.
15. Goldberg VM, Shaffer JW, Field G, Davy DT. Biology of vascularized bone grafts. Orthop Clin North Am 1987;18:197-205.
16. Cutting CB, McCarthy JG. Comparison of residual osseous mass between vascularized and nonvascularized onlay bone transfers. Plast Reconstr Surg 1983;72:672-5.
17. Shi LL, Garg R, Jawa A, et al. Bony hypertrophy in vascularized fibular grafts. Hand (N Y) 2022;17:106-13.
18. Malizos KN, Zalavras CG, Soucacos PN, Beris AE, Urbaniak JR. Free vascularized fibular grafts for reconstruction of skeletal defects. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2004;12:360-9.
19. Hierner R, Wood MB. Comparison of vascularised iliac crest and vascularised fibula transfer for reconstruction of segmental and partial bone defects in long bones of the lower extremity. Microsurgery 1995;16:818-26.
20. Nusbickel FR, Dell PC, McAndrew MP, Moore MM. Vascularized autografts for reconstruction of skeletal defects following lower extremity trauma. A review. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1989;243:65-70.
21. Bishop A. Vascularized bone grafting. In: Green DP, Hotchkiss RN, Pederson WC WS, editors. Green’s operative hand surgery. New York: Churchilll Livingstone; 2005. p. 1777-811.
22. Haddock NT, Alosh H, Easley ME, Levin LS, Wapner KL. Applications of the medial femoral condyle free flap for foot and ankle reconstruction. Foot Ankle Int 2013;34:1395-402.
23. Iorio ML, Masden DL, Higgins JP. Cutaneous angiosome territory of the medial femoral condyle osteocutaneous flap. J Hand Surg Am 2012;37:1033-41.
24. Rysz M, Grabczan W, Mazurek MJ, Krajewski R, Grzelecki D, Ciszek B. Vasculature of a medial femoral condyle free flap in intact and osteotomized flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017;139:992-7.
25. Stranix JT, Piper ML, Azoury SC, et al. Medial femoral condyle free flap reconstruction of complex foot and ankle pathology. Foot Ankle Orthop 2019;4:2473011419884269.
26. Beris AE, Lykissas MG, Korompilias AV, et al. Vascularized fibula transfer for lower limb reconstruction. Microsurgery 2011;31:205-11.
27. Cierny G. Primary versus delayed soft tissue coverage for severe open tibial fractures. A comparison of results. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1983:54-63.
28. Lin CH, Wei FC, Levin LS, et al. Free composite serratus anterior and rib flaps for tibial composite bone and soft-tissue defect. Plast Reconstr Surg 1977;99:1656-65.
29. Doi K, Kawakami F, Hiura Y, Oda T, Sakai K, Kawai S. One-stage treatment of infected bone defects of the tibia with skin loss by free vascularized osteocutaneous grafts. Microsurgery 1995;16:704-12.
30. Yaremchuk MJ, Brumback RJ, Manson PN, Burgess AR, Poka A, Weiland AJ. Acute and definitive management of traumatic osteocutaneous defects of the lower extremity. Plast Reconstr Surg 1987;80:1-14.
31. Malizos KN, Nunley JA, Goldner RD, Urbaniak JR, Harrelson JM. Free vascularized fibula in traumatic long bone defects and in limb salvaging following tumor resection: comparative study. Microsurgery 1993;14:368-74.
32. de Gauzy J, Fitoussi F, Jouve JL, Karger C, Badina A, Masquelet AC; French Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology (SoFCOT). Traumatic diaphyseal bone defects in children. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2012;98:220-6.
33. El-Gammal TA, El-Sayed A, Kotb MM. Reconstruction of lower limb bone defects after sarcoma resection in children and adolescents using free vascularized fibular transfer. J Pediatr Orthop B 2003;12:233-43.
34. Cashin M, Coombs C, Torode I. A-frame free vascularized fibular graft and femoral lengthening for osteosarcoma pediatric patients. J Pediatr Orthop 2018;38:e83-90.
35. Gorski SM, Dong C, Krieg AH, Haug M. Vascularized bone graft reconstruction following bone tumor resection at a multidisciplinary sarcoma center: outcome analysis. Anticancer Res 2021;41:5015-23.
36. Houdek MT, Rose PS, Milbrandt TA, Stans AA, Moran SL, Sim FH. Comparison of pediatric intercalary allograft reconstructions with and without a free vascularized fibula. Plast Reconstr Surg 2018;142:1065-71.
37. Ruiz-Moya A, Lagares-Borrego A, Sicilia-Castro D, et al. Pediatric extremity bone sarcoma reconstruction with the vascularized fibula flap: observational study assessing long-term functional outcomes, complications, and survival. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019;72:1887-99.
38. Ghoneimy AME, Sherbiny ME, Kamal N. Use of vascularized fibular free flap in the reconstruction of the femur in pediatric and adolescent bone sarcomas: complications and functional outcome. J Reconstr Microsurg 2019;35:156-62.
39. Yazar S, Lin CH, Wei FC. One-stage reconstruction of composite bone and soft-tissue defects in traumatic lower extremities. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004;114:1457-66.
40. Han CS, Wood MB, Bishop AT, Cooney WP 3rd. Vascularized bone transfer. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1992;74:1441-9.
42. Levin LS. Vascularized fibula graft for the traumatically induced long-bone defect. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2006;14:S175-6.
43. Minami A, Kasashima T, Iwasaki N, Kato H, Kaneda K. Vascularised fibular grafts. An experience of 102 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2000;82:1022-5.
44. Kazmers NH, Thibaudeau S, Steinberger Z, Scott Levin L. Upper and lower extremity reconstructive applications utilizing free flaps from the medial genicular arterial system: a systematic review. Microsurgery 2018;38:328-43.
45. Ael-S, Badawy E, Hasan M, El-Nakeeb RM. Management of post-traumatic bone defects of the tibia using vascularised fibular graft combined with Ilizarov external fixator. Injury 2016;47:969-75.
46. Ling XF, Peng X. What is the price to pay for a free fibula flap? Plast Reconstr Surg 2012;129:657-74.
47. Gu Y, Ma H, Shujaat S, et al. Donor- and recipient-site morbidity of vascularized fibular and iliac flaps for mandibular reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021;74:1470-9.
48. Yilmaz M, Vayvada H, Menderes A, Demirdover C, Kizilkaya A. A comparison of vascularized fibular flap and iliac crest flap for mandibular reconstruction. J Craniofac Surg 2008;19:227-34.
49. Ling XF, Peng X, Samman N. Donor-site morbidity of free fibula and DCIA flaps. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013;71:1604-12.
